{"title":"Role of Carbon Capture and Storage in Decarbonizing Asia-Pacific Data Centers","authors":"Hon Chung Lau, Steve C. Tsai","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c03668","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Analysis of data in the public domain shows that the\r\npower capacity\r\nof Asia-Pacific (APAC) data centers (DCs) will grow from 16 GW in\r\n2025 to 70 GW in 2030, a 4.4-fold increase. Between 2025 and 2030,\r\nAPAC economies with the highest growth rate in DC power capacity will\r\nbe India, Japan, Australia, China, and South Korea. Using the announced\r\npower source of future DCs and the energy mix of APAC’s national\r\ngrids, this study estimates that the CO<sub>2</sub> emitted by fossil\r\nfuel power plants supplying electricity to DCs (DC-emitted CO<sub>2</sub>) will grow from 46 Mtpa in 2025 to 177 Mtpa in 2030, a 3.8-fold\r\nincrease. By 2030, six APAC economies will have DC power capacity\r\nexceeding 10% of their national grid capacity. They will be Bhutan,\r\nMalaysia, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, and Japan. These economies\r\nneed to upgrade their national grid to support their DC power growth.\r\nThe relatively small share of nuclear power and non-hydro renewable\r\nenergies in national electricity generation in APAC economies will\r\nmean that the majority of DCs in APAC will be powered by fossil fuel\r\npower plants. Analysis shows that APAC economies of India, Australia,\r\nMalaysia, Japan, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam will\r\nrely heavily on coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) to power their DCs,\r\nwhereas Singapore, Thailand, South Korea, and New Zealand will rely\r\nheavily on natural gas-fired power plants (GFPPs). By 2030, there\r\nwill be 25 APAC locations with DC-emitted CO<sub>2</sub> exceeding\r\n1 Mtpa. A CO<sub>2</sub> source-sink mapping exercise shows that 16\r\nof these locations have nearby saline aquifers that can permanently\r\nstore more than 100 years of DC-emitted CO<sub>2</sub>, corresponding\r\nto 76% of total DC-emitted CO<sub>2</sub>. With further characterization\r\nof APAC saline aquifers, more DC-emitted CO<sub>2</sub> may be mitigated\r\nby carbon capture and storage (CCS). Furthermore, Japan, South Korea,\r\nand Singapore suffer from low energy self-sufficiency (≤20%),\r\nand their DCs are vulnerable to disruption of energy imports. Policies\r\nto mitigate this need to be in place.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"40 39","pages":"21793–21809"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0000,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Energy & Fuels","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c03668","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/9/17 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Analysis of data in the public domain shows that the
power capacity
of Asia-Pacific (APAC) data centers (DCs) will grow from 16 GW in
2025 to 70 GW in 2030, a 4.4-fold increase. Between 2025 and 2030,
APAC economies with the highest growth rate in DC power capacity will
be India, Japan, Australia, China, and South Korea. Using the announced
power source of future DCs and the energy mix of APAC’s national
grids, this study estimates that the CO2 emitted by fossil
fuel power plants supplying electricity to DCs (DC-emitted CO2) will grow from 46 Mtpa in 2025 to 177 Mtpa in 2030, a 3.8-fold
increase. By 2030, six APAC economies will have DC power capacity
exceeding 10% of their national grid capacity. They will be Bhutan,
Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, and Japan. These economies
need to upgrade their national grid to support their DC power growth.
The relatively small share of nuclear power and non-hydro renewable
energies in national electricity generation in APAC economies will
mean that the majority of DCs in APAC will be powered by fossil fuel
power plants. Analysis shows that APAC economies of India, Australia,
Malaysia, Japan, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam will
rely heavily on coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) to power their DCs,
whereas Singapore, Thailand, South Korea, and New Zealand will rely
heavily on natural gas-fired power plants (GFPPs). By 2030, there
will be 25 APAC locations with DC-emitted CO2 exceeding
1 Mtpa. A CO2 source-sink mapping exercise shows that 16
of these locations have nearby saline aquifers that can permanently
store more than 100 years of DC-emitted CO2, corresponding
to 76% of total DC-emitted CO2. With further characterization
of APAC saline aquifers, more DC-emitted CO2 may be mitigated
by carbon capture and storage (CCS). Furthermore, Japan, South Korea,
and Singapore suffer from low energy self-sufficiency (≤20%),
and their DCs are vulnerable to disruption of energy imports. Policies
to mitigate this need to be in place.
期刊介绍：
Energy & Fuels publishes reports of research in the technical area defined by the intersection of the disciplines of chemistry and chemical engineering and the application domain of non-nuclear energy and fuels. This includes research directed at the formation of, exploration for, and production of fossil fuels and biomass; the properties and structure or molecular composition of both raw fuels and refined products; the chemistry involved in the processing and utilization of fuels; fuel cells and their applications; and the analytical and instrumental techniques used in investigations of the foregoing areas.
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