Integrated Seismic and Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of the Northwestern Bengal Basin: Implications for Cretaceous to Late Miocene Depositional Evolution, Shelf-Margin Dynamics and Hydrocarbon Prospectivity

IF 2.8 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Basin Research Pub Date : 2026-09-30 DOI:10.1111/bre.70150

Farhad Hossain, A. S. M. Woobaidullah, Mohammad Moinul Hossain, S. M. Mainul Kabir, Md. Anwar Hossain Bhuiyan

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Abstract

An integrated seismic and sequence-stratigraphic analysis of the northwestern Bengal Basin elucidates the tectono-sedimentary evolution, shelf-margin dynamics and hydrocarbon prospectivity along the hinge zone. Interpretation of ~2000 line-km of 2D seismic profiles calibrated to the Singra-1 and Mobarakpur-1 wells identifies eight depositional sequences from the Pre-Cretaceous to Late Miocene, recording a transition from syn-rift continental to post-rift deltaic systems. Quantitative shelf-edge trajectory analysis reveals distinct phases of margin evolution: retrogradational stacking during the Eocene, strongly progradational growth in the Oligocene-Miocene (P_se/A_se > 10), and late aggradation in the Pliocene. The Oligocene forced-regressive phase (SS-5) represents maximum basinward progradation (~12 km) and the formation of the Mobarakpur Canyon System (MCS), a 16 km wide and 2.2 km deep erosional–depositional feature developed under moderate sea-level fall and increased Himalayan sediment flux. Three higher-order canyon-fill sequences (MCS-1 to MCS-3) record successive incision, bypass and infill stages. Integration of seismic facies with lithostratigraphy indicates a shift from early clastic progradation, through transgressive carbonate deposition (Sylhet Limestone), to renewed clastic progradation dominated by the Barail and Surma groups. The canyon-fill, slope-fan and deltaic sandstones within these units represent potential reservoir targets, with candidate source rocks (Kopili and Sylhet Limestone) and seals (intraformational and regional marine shales) inferred by analogy with the adjacent Surma Basin. The recognized canyon-wall pinch-outs, slope-fan onlaps and basin-floor fans suggest new stratigraphic trap configurations that may refine the depositional and petroleum-system framework of the Bengal Basin and inform future hydrocarbon exploration.

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孟加拉盆地西北部地震层序地层综合分析：对白垩纪至晚中新世沉积演化、陆架边缘动力学和油气远景的启示

对孟加拉盆地西北部的地震和层序地层进行了综合分析，阐明了构造-沉积演化、陆架-边缘动力学以及沿铰链带的油气远景。对Singra - 1井和Mobarakpur - 1井校准的约2000线公里二维地震剖面进行了解释，确定了从前白垩纪到晚中新世的8个沉积序列，记录了从同裂谷大陆到后裂谷三角洲体系的过渡。定量的陆架-边缘轨迹分析揭示了陆架边缘演化的不同阶段：始新世的退积叠加，渐新世-中新世的强进积增长（P se / A se > 10）和上新世的晚期沉积。渐新世强迫退退期（SS‐5）代表了最大的盆地向内推进（~12 km）和Mobarakpur峡谷系统（MCS）的形成，这是一个宽16 km，深2.2 km的侵蚀-沉积特征，在海平面适度下降和喜马拉雅沉积物通量增加的情况下发育。三个高阶峡谷填充序列（MCS‐1至MCS‐3）记录了连续的切口、旁路和填充阶段。地震相与岩石地层的结合表明，从早期的碎屑岩进积，通过海侵碳酸盐沉积（Sylhet灰岩），到以Barail和Surma群为主的碎屑岩进积。这些单元中的峡谷充填体、斜坡扇和三角洲砂岩代表了潜在的储层目标，候选烃源岩（Kopili和Sylhet石灰岩）和海豹（地层内和区域海相页岩）通过与邻近的Surma盆地的类比推断出来。已知的峡谷壁掐出、斜坡扇上覆和盆地底扇表明，新的地层圈闭配置可能会改善孟加拉盆地的沉积和油气系统格局，并为未来的油气勘探提供信息。

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来源期刊

Basin Research 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

9.40%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Basin Research is an international journal which aims to publish original, high impact research papers on sedimentary basin systems. We view integrated, interdisciplinary research as being essential for the advancement of the subject area; therefore, we do not seek manuscripts focused purely on sedimentology, structural geology, or geophysics that have a natural home in specialist journals. Rather, we seek manuscripts that treat sedimentary basins as multi-component systems that require a multi-faceted approach to advance our understanding of their development. During deposition and subsidence we are concerned with large-scale geodynamic processes, heat flow, fluid flow, strain distribution, seismic and sequence stratigraphy, modelling, burial and inversion histories. In addition, we view the development of the source area, in terms of drainage networks, climate, erosion, denudation and sediment routing systems as vital to sedimentary basin systems. The underpinning requirement is that a contribution should be of interest to earth scientists of more than one discipline.