Effectiveness of education on carbohydrate counting (intervention) on HbA1c, cardio-metabolic profile and KAP (knowledge, attitude & practice) parameters among adults with type 1 diabetes

IF 4.4 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103484

Lovely Gupta, Priti Rishi Lal, Yashdeep Gupta, Kalaivani Mani, Alpesh Goyal, Hem Chandra Sati, Veenu Seth, Nikhil Tandon

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aims

Education pertaining carbohydrate counting can improve glycemic control but evidence on its effectiveness from South Asia is limited. This study evaluated the effectiveness of education on carbohydrate counting (intervention) in addition to usual care on key parameters of diabetes management among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods

This single-centre, open-label, two-arm, parallel randomized controlled trial (RCT) enrolled 134 individuals with T1D between 18 and 40 years of age and with HbA1c of ≥7.5% at baseline. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) group (control arm) or Enhanced Usual Care focused on carbohydrate counting (EUC-CC) group (intervention arm). The primary outcome was the difference in proportions of individuals between the two groups who achieved HbA1c reduction of ≥0.5% from baseline at 6 months.

Results

The participants had a mean (±SD) age of 25.3 (±5.7) years and HbA1c of 9.9 ± 1.8% (85 mmol/mol). A ≥0.5% reduction in HbA1c was observed in 75.8% of participants in the EUC-CC group compared to 60.9% in the EUC group (p = 0.081). EUC-CC group had additional HbA1c reduction [of 0.34 ± 0.27%; 95% CI (−0.87, 0.19), p = 0.210] compared to the EUC group. The participants in the EUC-CC group had a significantly greater increase in KAP scores by 5.3 ± 0.77 (4.01, 6.67), p < 0.001.

Conclusions

In this randomized controlled trial, both the groups showed significant improvement in HbA1c, while structured carbohydrate counting education resulted in favorable glycemic trends with significant improvements in knowledge, attitude and practice scores, suggesting potential behavioral benefits.

Trial registration number

CTRI/2019/08/020793.

查看原文本刊更多论文

碳水化合物计数教育（干预）对成人1型糖尿病患者HbA1c、心脏代谢特征和KAP（知识、态度和实践）参数的影响

目的：有关碳水化合物计数的教育可以改善血糖控制，但南亚的证据表明其有效性有限。本研究评估了除常规护理外，对1型糖尿病（T1D）成人糖尿病管理关键参数进行碳水化合物计数教育（干预）的有效性。方法：这项单中心、开放标签、双臂、平行随机对照试验（RCT）招募了134名年龄在18至40岁之间、基线HbA1c≥7.5%的T1D患者。参与者按1:1的比例随机分为强化常规护理（EUC）组（对照组）或强化常规护理（侧重于碳水化合物计数）组（干预组）。主要结局是两组患者在6个月时HbA1c较基线降低≥0.5%的个体比例的差异。结果：参与者的平均（±SD）年龄为25.3（±5.7）岁，HbA1c为9.9±1.8% （85 mmol/mol）。在eucc - cc组中，75.8%的参与者HbA1c降低≥0.5%，而EUC组为60.9% （p = 0.081）。ec - cc组HbA1c进一步降低[0.34±0.27%；95% CI (-0.87, 0.19), p = 0.210)与EUC组比较。eucc - cc组KAP评分显著提高5.3±0.77 (4.01,6.67),p < 0.001。结论：在这项随机对照试验中，两组患者的HbA1c均有显著改善，而结构化碳水化合物计数教育导致血糖趋势良好，知识、态度和练习得分均有显著改善，提示潜在的行为益处。试验报名号：CTRI/2019/08/020793。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM-

CiteScore

22.90

自引率

2.00%

发文量

248

审稿时长

51 days

期刊介绍： Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews is the official journal of DiabetesIndia. It aims to provide a global platform for healthcare professionals, diabetes educators, and other stakeholders to submit their research on diabetes care. Types of Publications: Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews publishes peer-reviewed original articles, reviews, short communications, case reports, letters to the Editor, and expert comments. Reviews and mini-reviews are particularly welcomed for areas within endocrinology undergoing rapid changes.