Evaluation of S100A4, CA-12, CA-9, Annexin A1/A2, and Galectin-3 in Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications.

Q2 Medicine

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3281

Rahmi Aslan, Zübeyir Huyut, Muhammed Fatih Keleş, Nedim Bedir, Recep Eryılmaz, Mehmet Tahir Huyut, Murat Saygın, Murat Demir, Kerem Taken

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: The limited specificity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increases the risk of unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum S100A4, along with CA-9, CA-12, Annexin A1/A2, and Galectin-3, in prostate cancer.

Methods: This prospective case-control study, conducted between July 2024 and September 2025, included 80 patients with histopathologically confirmed prostate cancer and 40 age-matched healthy controls. Patients were stratified into low-risk (ISUP grades 1-2) and high-risk (ISUP ≥3) groups. Serum biomarker levels were measured using ELISA. Diagnostic and prognostic performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, with cut-off values determined using the Youden index. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent biomarkers.

Results: Serum CA-12 and CA-9 levels were significantly higher in prostate cancer patients than in controls (p = 0.004 and p = 0.032, respectively). Although S100A4 levels were lower in prostate cancer patients compared with controls, they were significantly higher in high-risk patients within the cancer cohort (p = 0.002). Logistic regression identified S100A4 (p = 0.032) and CA-12 (p = 0.004) as independent predictors of prostate cancer diagnosis. ROC analysis demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy for CA-12 (>52.9 ng/mL; AUC = 0.99) and S100A4 (<9.96 ng/mL; AUC = 0.98). For prognostic stratification, S100A4 (>8.27 ng/mL; AUC = 0.97) and CA-12 (>72.8 ng/mL; AUC = 0.91) effectively distinguished high-risk from low-risk disease.

Conclusion: S100A4 and CA-12 exhibit strong diagnostic and prognostic performance in prostate cancer. When used alongside PSA, S100A4 and CA-12 may improve risk stratification in patients with suspected prostate cancer and help reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies.

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评估S100A4， CA-12, CA-9，膜联蛋白A1/A2和半乳糖凝集素-3在前列腺癌中的诊断和预后意义

目的：前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）的有限特异性增加了不必要的活检和过度治疗的风险。本研究旨在评估血清S100A4、CA-9、CA-12、膜联蛋白A1/A2和半乳糖凝集素-3在前列腺癌中的诊断和预后价值。方法：这项前瞻性病例对照研究于2024年7月至2025年9月进行，包括80例组织病理学证实的前列腺癌患者和40例年龄匹配的健康对照。将患者分为低危组（ISUP分级1-2）和高危组（ISUP≥3）。采用ELISA法测定血清生物标志物水平。通过受试者工作特征（ROC）分析评估诊断和预后表现，并使用约登指数确定临界值。进行逻辑回归分析以确定独立的生物标志物。结果：前列腺癌患者血清CA-12和CA-9水平明显高于对照组（p = 0.004和p = 0.032）。尽管前列腺癌患者的S100A4水平低于对照组，但癌症队列中高危患者的S100A4水平明显高于对照组（p = 0.002）。Logistic回归发现S100A4 （p = 0.032）和CA-12 （p = 0.004）是前列腺癌诊断的独立预测因子。ROC分析显示，CA-12 （>52.9 ng/mL, AUC = 0.99）、S100A4 （8.27 ng/mL, AUC = 0.97）和CA-12 （>72.8 ng/mL, AUC = 0.91）具有良好的诊断准确性，可有效区分高风险和低风险疾病。结论：S100A4和CA-12对前列腺癌具有较强的诊断和预后价值。当与PSA联合使用时，S100A4和CA-12可以改善疑似前列腺癌患者的风险分层，并有助于减少不必要的前列腺活检。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 医学-肿瘤学

CiteScore

2.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

779

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Cancer is a very complex disease. While many aspects of carcinoge-nesis and oncogenesis are known, cancer control and prevention at the community level is however still in its infancy. Much more work needs to be done and many more steps need to be taken before effective strategies are developed. The multidisciplinary approaches and efforts to understand and control cancer in an effective and efficient manner, require highly trained scientists in all branches of the cancer sciences, from cellular and molecular aspects to patient care and palliation. The Asia Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention (APOCP) and its official publication, the Asia Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (APJCP), have served the community of cancer scientists very well and intends to continue to serve in this capacity to the best of its abilities. One of the objectives of the APOCP is to provide all relevant and current scientific information on the whole spectrum of cancer sciences. They aim to do this by providing a forum for communication and propagation of original and innovative research findings that have relevance to understanding the etiology, progression, treatment, and survival of patients, through their journal. The APJCP with its distinguished, diverse, and Asia-wide team of editors, reviewers, and readers, ensure the highest standards of research communication within the cancer sciences community across Asia as well as globally. The APJCP publishes original research results under the following categories: -Epidemiology, detection and screening. -Cellular research and bio-markers. -Identification of bio-targets and agents with novel mechanisms of action. -Optimal clinical use of existing anti-cancer agents, including combination therapies. -Radiation and surgery. -Palliative care. -Patient adherence, quality of life, satisfaction. -Health economic evaluations.