Anatomic Features Associated with Operative Strategy in Minimally Invasive Gastric GIST Resection: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Abstract

Background: Operative decision-making in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) surgery is strongly influenced by tumor anatomy. Although surgeons routinely consider anatomic features such as proximity to the gastroesophageal junction, posterior wall location, and endophytic growth during operative planning, their combined association with operative strategy has not been systematically evaluated.

Methods: We evaluated whether commonly recognized anatomic features of gastric GISTs were associated with operative strategy in a contemporary minimally invasive surgical cohort. Tumors were characterized according to the presence of three predefined anatomic features: proximal location near the gastroesophageal junction, posterior wall involvement, and endophytic growth pattern. Cases were grouped as lower (0-1 features) or higher (2-3 features) complexity. The primary outcome was operative strategy, categorized as simple (wedge resection or enucleation) or complex (partial gastrectomy or transgastric resection). Associations between anatomic complexity and operative approach were evaluated.

Results: A total of 83 patients were included, with 50 (60.2%) classified as lower complexity and 33 (39.8%) as higher complexity. Operative strategy varied significantly by complexity group. Tumors in the higher complexity group were more frequently managed with complex operative techniques, including partial gastrectomy and transgastric resection (P = .002). This association remained significant after adjustment for tumor size (odds ratio 2.87, 95% CI: 1.12-7.65, P = .031). A graded relationship was observed, with increasing use of complex techniques as the number of anatomical features increased. The robotic platform was used more frequently in higher complexity cases (P = .03). Perioperative outcomes were comparable between groups.

Conclusions: Recognized anatomical features of gastric GISTs were associated with operative strategy and reflected real-world surgical decision-making. Systematically describing these features may facilitate preoperative assessment and improve consistency in reporting operative approaches.