[Management of pulmonary infections due to non-Aspergillus filamentous fungi].

Abstract

Given the increased complexity of immunosuppressive treatments, the prolonged survival of immunocompromised patients, and widespread use of anti-Aspergillus prophylaxis, over recent years the incidence of pulmonary infections caused by non-Aspergillus filamentous fungi has increased. Mucorales represent the most frequently isolated group, followed by Fusarium and Scedosporium, with prevalence varying significantly in different geographic regions and clinical contexts. Although overall incidence remains low, intrinsic resistance to many antifungal agents markedly heightens the mortality associated with these infections. Generally medical as well as surgical, management comprises immunosuppression reduction whenever possible. In this context, enhanced understanding of the epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic characteristics of these rare fungi is essential to achievement of improved patient outcomes.