{"title":"Burden, Trends, Associated Diseases and Predictions of Alopecia Areata in China, Japan, South Korea, and Globally: A GBD 2023 Analysis.","authors":"Yue Pan, Xianghui Li, Gao Wei, Zhijian Yao, Zhuren Ruan","doi":"10.2147/CCID.S646030","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alopecia areata (AA) causes non-scarring hair loss and substantial psychosocial burden, yet its trends, comorbidities, and future burden in East Asia remain underexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Global Burden of Disease(GBD) Study 2023 data from 1990-2023 were analyzed for the world, China, Japan, and South Korea. Age-standardized incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates were assessed by region, sex, and age. Joinpoint regression quantified temporal trends. Ecological correlations with associated diseases and socio-demographic Index (SDI) were examined. Burden through 2046 was projected using United Nations population estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, Japan and South Korea had higher ASIR and ASPR than China and global averages. Females bore greater burden; incidence peaked in young-to-middle-aged adults. Global age-standardized rates(ASRs) declined (1990-2023), while rates remained stable in China and persistently high in Japan and South Korea. AA correlated with atopic dermatitis, iron deficiency anemia, and thyroid disorders. Higher SDI was associated with lower incidence in Japan, South Korea, and globally, but not in China. Substantial cases are projected through 2046.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AA burden varies by region, sex, and age, and will continue to be a major public health issue. Clinicians should be particularly attentive to women and East Asian patients. While the etiology appears multifactorial, causality remains to be confirmed at the individual level. Nevertheless, these findings support more vigilant screening and tailored prevention in high-risk East Asian populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology","volume":"19 ","pages":"646030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618623/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S646030","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"DERMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Alopecia areata (AA) causes non-scarring hair loss and substantial psychosocial burden, yet its trends, comorbidities, and future burden in East Asia remain underexplored.
Methods: Global Burden of Disease(GBD) Study 2023 data from 1990-2023 were analyzed for the world, China, Japan, and South Korea. Age-standardized incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates were assessed by region, sex, and age. Joinpoint regression quantified temporal trends. Ecological correlations with associated diseases and socio-demographic Index (SDI) were examined. Burden through 2046 was projected using United Nations population estimates.
Results: In 2023, Japan and South Korea had higher ASIR and ASPR than China and global averages. Females bore greater burden; incidence peaked in young-to-middle-aged adults. Global age-standardized rates(ASRs) declined (1990-2023), while rates remained stable in China and persistently high in Japan and South Korea. AA correlated with atopic dermatitis, iron deficiency anemia, and thyroid disorders. Higher SDI was associated with lower incidence in Japan, South Korea, and globally, but not in China. Substantial cases are projected through 2046.
Conclusion: AA burden varies by region, sex, and age, and will continue to be a major public health issue. Clinicians should be particularly attentive to women and East Asian patients. While the etiology appears multifactorial, causality remains to be confirmed at the individual level. Nevertheless, these findings support more vigilant screening and tailored prevention in high-risk East Asian populations.
背景：斑秃（AA）导致非瘢痕性脱发和严重的社会心理负担，但其趋势、合并症和东亚未来的负担仍未得到充分探讨。方法：分析全球疾病负担研究2023 (GBD Study 2023) 1990-2023年世界、中国、日本和韩国的数据。按地区、性别和年龄评估年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）、患病率（ASPR）和残疾调整生命年（DALY）率。接合点回归量化了时间趋势。研究了与相关疾病和社会人口指数（SDI）的生态相关性。到2046年的负担是根据联合国人口估计来预测的。结果：2023年，日本和韩国的ASIR和ASPR高于中国和全球平均水平。女性负担更重；发病率在青壮年人群中最高。全球年龄标准化率（asr）下降（1990-2023），而中国的比率保持稳定，日本和韩国的比率持续高企。AA与特应性皮炎、缺铁性贫血和甲状腺疾病相关。在日本、韩国和全球，较高的SDI与较低的发病率相关，但在中国没有。预计到2046年将出现大量病例。结论：AA负担因地区、性别和年龄而异，并将继续成为一个主要的公共卫生问题。临床医生应特别注意妇女和东亚患者。虽然病因似乎是多因素的，但在个体水平上的因果关系仍有待证实。然而，这些发现支持在东亚高危人群中进行更警惕的筛查和针对性的预防。
期刊介绍：
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal that focuses on the latest clinical and experimental research in all aspects of skin disease and cosmetic interventions. Normal and pathological processes in skin development and aging, their modification and treatment, as well as basic research into histology of dermal and dermal structures that provide clinical insights and potential treatment options are key topics for the journal.
Patient satisfaction, preference, quality of life, compliance, persistence and their role in developing new management options to optimize outcomes for target conditions constitute major areas of interest.
The journal is characterized by the rapid reporting of clinical studies, reviews and original research in skin research and skin care.
All areas of dermatology will be covered; contributions will be welcomed from all clinicians and basic science researchers globally.
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