Which Behavior Change Techniques Are Consistently Used in Effective Obesity-Related Interventions for Vulnerable Populations? A Meta-Review.

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this paper was to synthesize the evidence on the active components of behavioral weight reduction interventions delivered to individuals with overweight/obesity from vulnerable populations, including people with low socioeconomic position, ethnic minority status, older age, mental health issues, and rural residence.

Methods: A meta-review preregistered with the PROSPERO repository (number CRD42024532138) was conducted. Following the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, seven electronic databases were searched, resulting in the inclusion of 37 reviews. The ROBIS tool was used to assess the risk of bias.

Results: Twelve behavior change techniques were identified as components of interventions that were effective in > 60% of trials targeting indicators of body weight reduction or physical activity improvements in vulnerable populations. For weight reduction-related indicators, goal setting, action planning, self-monitoring of behavior, self-monitoring of the outcome of behavior, instruction on how to perform the behavior, social comparison, prompts/cues, behavioral practice/rehearsal, and credible source were supported. For physical activity-related outcomes, social support (unspecified) and demonstration of the behavior were supported.

Conclusion: The results provide insights into behavior change techniques that may be prioritized in interventions aimed at weight reduction among adults from vulnerable populations.