Cr-assisted low-temperature densification of (TiZrHfNbTa)C multi-component carbide: reaction process and mechanical properties

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Ceramics International Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-13 DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.07.196

Fangze Chen, Wen Zhang, Chao Pan, Zelin Liao, Jiahao Qiu, Hao Wang, Jinyong Zhang, Lin Ren, Fan Zhang, Zhengyi Fu

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Abstract

The fabrication of metallic Cr-doped (TiZrHfNbTa)C multi-component carbides by carbothermal reduction coupled with spark plasma sintering at 1500-1800 °C is reported in this study. The promoting effects of Cr addition (10, 20 at.%) on low-temperature densification, mechanical properties, and underlying reaction process of (TiZrHfNbTa)C are systematically investigated. It is revealed that the metallic Cr initially reacts with carbon from the multi-component carbide matrix to form Cr₃C₂, which subsequently agglomerates. With the temperature rising, Cr₃C₂ gradually forms a liquid phase that diffuses to dissolve into the matrix while concurrently segregating at the triple junction of grain boundaries, significantly promoting the densification procedure. Moreover, the ceramic containing 20 at.% Cr and sintered at 1800 °C for 10 min exhibits the highest relative density and optimal mechanical properties with the Vickers hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness reaching 23.6 ± 1.2 GPa, 461 ± 12 MPa and 3.9 ± 0.2 MPa m^1/2, respectively. This can be attributed to the synergistic effect of solid-solution strengthening and liquid-phase sintering induced by Cr addition.

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（TiZrHfNbTa）C多元碳化物的cr辅助低温致密化：反应过程及力学性能

本文报道了在1500 ~ 1800 ℃下碳热还原耦合放电等离子烧结制备金属cr掺杂（TiZrHfNbTa）C多组分碳化物的方法。Cr(10,20 at。系统地研究了（TiZrHfNbTa）C的低温致密化、力学性能和反应过程。结果表明，金属Cr首先与多组分碳化物基体中的碳反应生成Cr3C2，然后形成团聚体。随着温度的升高，Cr3C2逐渐形成液相，扩散溶解到基体中，同时在晶界的三重交界处发生偏析，显著促进了致密化过程。此外，陶瓷含有20 at。% Cr和烧结在1800 °C 10分钟展品最高的相对密度和最佳力学性能与维氏硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性达到23.6 ±1.2  GPa, 461 ± 12  MPa和3.9±0.2  MPa m1/2,分别。这可归因于Cr的加入引起固溶强化和液相烧结的协同作用。

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来源期刊

Ceramics International 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

15.40%

发文量

4558

审稿时长

25 days

期刊介绍： Ceramics International covers the science of advanced ceramic materials. The journal encourages contributions that demonstrate how an understanding of the basic chemical and physical phenomena may direct materials design and stimulate ideas for new or improved processing techniques, in order to obtain materials with desired structural features and properties. Ceramics International covers oxide and non-oxide ceramics, functional glasses, glass ceramics, amorphous inorganic non-metallic materials (and their combinations with metal and organic materials), in the form of particulates, dense or porous bodies, thin/thick films and laminated, graded and composite structures. Process related topics such as ceramic-ceramic joints or joining ceramics with dissimilar materials, as well as surface finishing and conditioning are also covered. Besides traditional processing techniques, manufacturing routes of interest include innovative procedures benefiting from externally applied stresses, electromagnetic fields and energetic beams, as well as top-down and self-assembly nanotechnology approaches. In addition, the journal welcomes submissions on bio-inspired and bio-enabled materials designs, experimentally validated multi scale modelling and simulation for materials design, and the use of the most advanced chemical and physical characterization techniques of structure, properties and behaviour. Technologically relevant low-dimensional systems are a particular focus of Ceramics International. These include 0, 1 and 2-D nanomaterials (also covering CNTs, graphene and related materials, and diamond-like carbons), their nanocomposites, as well as nano-hybrids and hierarchical multifunctional nanostructures that might integrate molecular, biological and electronic components.