SmFeO3/Bi2WO6 composite materials with hierarchical structures of nanorods and nanoflowers for butanol detection

Abstract

In this work, SmFeO₃ nanorods were prepared via a hydrothermal synthesis route, and a heterostructure was subsequently constructed via a secondary hydrothermal process, resulting in the successful preparation of SmFeO₃/Bi₂WO₆ nanocomposites with a unique flower-rod-like morphology. The successful formation of the SmFeO₃/Bi₂WO₆ composite was confirmed using various characterization techniques. SEM observations revealed that the composite consists of Bi₂WO₆ nanoflowers and SmFeO₃ nanorods grown on their surfaces. The gas-sensing performance test results demonstrated that the SmFeO₃/Bi₂WO₆ nanocomposite exhibits significantly enhanced gas-sensing properties. Compared with pristine Bi₂WO₆, the SmFeO₃/Bi₂WO₆ nanocomposite has an optimal operating temperature that is 30°C lower and a response value that is four times higher; compared to pure SmFeO₃, its optimal operating temperature is 100°C lower, and its response value is also slightly higher. The mechanism behind the performance enhancement can be attributed to the combination of the advantages of both materials, resulting in a microstructure characterized by a rough surface and a large specific surface area. At the same time, the successful formation of the heterojunction has effectively improved electron transport efficiency. This study provides important insights into the application of perovskite composites for enhancing gas-sensing performance.