Switchable photovoltaic effect in anatase TiO2 films via donor-acceptor co-doping

IF 6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Ceramics International Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-14 DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.07.225

Wenjing Hua, Jie Wang, Xiaoxia Yang, Yuqi Zhang, Weidong Fei, Yu Zhao

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Abstract

V⁵⁺-Bi³⁺ co-doped polycrystalline TiO₂ films ((V_0.5Bi_0.5)_xTi_1-xO₂) prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates by sol-gel method have been found to exhibit switchable photovoltaic properties. The significant photovoltaic effect of as-fabricated films indicates existence of self-polarization within the films, which results in the formation of a built-in electric field. And as-fabricated (V_0.5Bi_0.5)_0.02Ti_0.98O₂ film has a photovoltaic effect under 365 nm light illumination (8 mW/cm²), with open circuit voltage and short circuit current density of 0.217 V and 1.24 μA/cm². It has been also found that the photovoltaic effects of the co-doped films can be switched via an external electric field. After negative electric field poling, the open circuit voltage of the (V_0.5Bi_0.5)_0.02Ti_0.98O₂ film increases to 0.258 V. However, the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the film can be reversed after positive electric field poling, and the open circuit voltage and short circuit current increase with the increase in poling electric field, reaching maximum values of 0.635 V and 4.91 μA/cm², respectively. Based on experiment and calculation results, this study clearly reveals the relationship between crystal structure, ferroelectricity and photovoltaic effect. The donor-acceptor co-doped TiO₂ films can therefore be applied in ferroelectric photovoltaic devices.

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通过供体-受体共掺杂锐钛矿TiO2薄膜的可切换光伏效应

采用溶胶-凝胶法在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si衬底上制备了V5+-Bi3+共掺杂多晶TiO2薄膜（(V0.5Bi0.5)xTi1-xO2）。制备的薄膜具有显著的光伏效应，表明薄膜内部存在自极化，从而形成了内置电场。制备的（V0.5Bi0.5）0.02 ti0.980 o2薄膜在365 nm光照（8 mW/cm2）下具有光伏效应，开路电压为0.217 V，短路电流密度为1.24 μA/cm2。研究还发现，共掺杂薄膜的光伏效应可以通过外加电场进行切换。负电场极化后，（V0.5Bi0.5）0.02Ti0.98O2薄膜的开路电压增加到0.258 V。而正电场极化后，薄膜的开路电压和短路电流可以逆转，开路电压和短路电流随着极化电场的增大而增大，分别达到最大值0.635 V和4.91 μA/cm2。基于实验和计算结果，本研究清楚地揭示了晶体结构、铁电性和光伏效应之间的关系。因此，供体-受体共掺杂TiO2薄膜可用于铁电光伏器件。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ceramics International 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

15.40%

发文量

4558

审稿时长

25 days

期刊介绍： Ceramics International covers the science of advanced ceramic materials. The journal encourages contributions that demonstrate how an understanding of the basic chemical and physical phenomena may direct materials design and stimulate ideas for new or improved processing techniques, in order to obtain materials with desired structural features and properties. Ceramics International covers oxide and non-oxide ceramics, functional glasses, glass ceramics, amorphous inorganic non-metallic materials (and their combinations with metal and organic materials), in the form of particulates, dense or porous bodies, thin/thick films and laminated, graded and composite structures. Process related topics such as ceramic-ceramic joints or joining ceramics with dissimilar materials, as well as surface finishing and conditioning are also covered. Besides traditional processing techniques, manufacturing routes of interest include innovative procedures benefiting from externally applied stresses, electromagnetic fields and energetic beams, as well as top-down and self-assembly nanotechnology approaches. In addition, the journal welcomes submissions on bio-inspired and bio-enabled materials designs, experimentally validated multi scale modelling and simulation for materials design, and the use of the most advanced chemical and physical characterization techniques of structure, properties and behaviour. Technologically relevant low-dimensional systems are a particular focus of Ceramics International. These include 0, 1 and 2-D nanomaterials (also covering CNTs, graphene and related materials, and diamond-like carbons), their nanocomposites, as well as nano-hybrids and hierarchical multifunctional nanostructures that might integrate molecular, biological and electronic components.