[Application of Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Combined with Serum Cys C and IL-10 in the Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma].

Abstract

Objective: To explore the application of multiparameter flow cytometry combined with serum cystatin C (Cys C) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods: A total of 167 patients with suspected MM attending our hospital from March 2023 to July 2024 were enrolled, including 106 MM patients (MM group) and 61 non-MM patients (non-MM group). The patients underwent multiparameter flow cytometry and serum Cys C and IL-10 detection. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors of MM, and ROC curve analysis to evaluate the diagnostic value of multiparameter flow cytometry combined with serum Cys C and IL-10 for MM.

Results: The ratio of plasma cells, CD56, the levels of serum Cys C and IL-10 in the MM group were significantly higher than those in the non-MM group, while the levels of CD19 and CD45 were lower (all P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the ratio of plasma cells, Cys C, and IL-10 were risk factors for MM (OR =2.493, 3.843, 2.726, P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis indicated that the diagnostic value of multiparameter flow cytometry combined with serum Cys C and IL-10 for MM was higher than that of single diagnosis.

Conclusion: The ratio of plasma cells and the levels of serum Cys C and IL-10 are elevated in MM patients, which lead to an increased risk of MM disease. The combination of the three has certain diagnostic value for MM.