Doxycycline-Loaded Silver Nanoparticle–Embedded Chitosan Hydrogel for Enhanced Wound Healing: Formulation Optimization, Characterization, and In Vivo Evaluation

IF 4.1 4区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Journal of Cluster Science Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI:10.1007/s10876-026-03114-y

Ritesh A. Fule, Abhishek D. Nagdeve, Pankaj D. Nagpure, Aishwarya S. Rangurwar, Gamal Osman Elhassan, Saleh Alfuraih, Md Ali Mujtaba, Ameeduzzafar Zafar

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study focuses on the development of a doxycycline (DOC)-loaded silver nanoparticle (DOC-AgNPs) embedded chitosan hydrogel for enhanced wound healing. DOC-AgNPs were synthesized via chemical reduction using silver nitrate as the metal precursor, trisodium citrate (TSC) as the reducing/stabilizing agent, and DOC as the model drug. Optimization was performed using Box–Behnken Design (BBD) with silver nitrate concentration, TSC level, and stirring speed as independent variables. The optimized nanoparticles exhibited particle size of 186 nm, polydispersity index of 0.280, zeta potential of − 28.6 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 84%. The DOC-AgNPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, these DOC-AgNPs were incorporated into a chitosan-based hydrogel, which showed desirable organoleptic properties, pH (6.5), viscosity (22,800 cP), spreadability (15 g·cm/s), and swelling index. In vitro drug release in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) exhibited a biphasic release pattern characterized by an initial burst release followed by sustained drug release. Antibacterial activity, evaluated by agar well diffusion against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, showed significantly larger inhibition zones (34 mm and 36 mm) for DOC-AgNP hydrogel compared to plain AgNPs (21 mm and 23 mm), indicating synergistic effects. In vivo wound healing studies demonstrated accelerated wound closure, complete re-epithelialization, and improved tissue regeneration with minimal inflammation. Histological analysis and hydroxyproline content further supported enhanced healing. These results suggest that the DOC-AgNP hydrogel offers a promising platform for localized, sustained drug delivery, combining antimicrobial and regenerative properties for advanced wound care.

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多西环素负载银纳米颗粒包埋壳聚糖水凝胶促进伤口愈合：配方优化、表征和体内评价

本研究的重点是开发一种负载多西环素（DOC）的银纳米粒子（DOC- agnps）包埋壳聚糖水凝胶，用于促进伤口愈合。以硝酸银为金属前驱体，柠檬酸三钠（TSC）为还原剂/稳定剂，DOC为模型药物，通过化学还原法制备DOC- agnps。以硝酸银浓度、TSC水平和搅拌速度为自变量，采用Box-Behnken设计（BBD）进行优化。优化后的纳米颗粒粒径为186 nm，多分散性指数为0.280，zeta电位为- 28.6 mV，包封效率为84%。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热法、x射线衍射和场发射扫描电镜对DOC-AgNPs进行了表征。此外，将这些DOC-AgNPs掺入壳聚糖基水凝胶中，该水凝胶具有理想的感官性能，pH(6.5)，粘度（22,800 cP），涂抹性（15 g·cm/s）和膨胀指数。药物在磷酸盐缓冲液（pH 7.4）中的体外释放表现为初始爆发释放和持续释放的双相释放模式。通过琼脂孔扩散法对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌活性进行了评估，结果显示DOC-AgNP水凝胶的抑制区（34 mm和36 mm）明显大于普通agnp (21 mm和23 mm)，表明其具有协同作用。在体内的伤口愈合研究表明，加速伤口愈合，完全的再上皮化，改善组织再生和最小的炎症。组织学分析和羟脯氨酸含量进一步支持增强愈合。这些结果表明DOC-AgNP水凝胶提供了一个有前途的平台，用于局部，持续的药物输送，结合抗菌和再生特性，用于高级伤口护理。

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来源期刊

Journal of Cluster Science 化学-无机化学与核化学

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

166

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The journal publishes the following types of papers: (a) original and important research; (b) authoritative comprehensive reviews or short overviews of topics of current interest; (c) brief but urgent communications on new significant research; and (d) commentaries intended to foster the exchange of innovative or provocative ideas, and to encourage dialogue, amongst researchers working in different cluster disciplines.