Magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay for simultaneous on-site detection of methamphetamine, morphine, and ketamine in wastewater

IF 6.1 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analytica Chimica Acta Pub Date : 2026-12-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-22 DOI:10.1016/j.aca.2026.346308

Cong Hu, Jingxin Hou, Ruiqin Zhu, Jianan Feng, Shuai Yuan, Hanyin Li, Ping Xiang, Yan Li

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Wastewater-based epidemiology provides objective, non-invasive data on community drug use, but conventional ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis is laboratory-based and time-consuming. Although fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) offers a simple, rapid, and low-cost alternative for on-site screening, its direct application to wastewater is limited by low analyte concentrations and complex sample matrices.

Results

We developed a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE)-LFIA platform based on polydopamine-coated magnetic nanoparticle adsorbents for simultaneous detection of methamphetamine, morphine, and ketamine in wastewater. By investigating the organic solvent compatibility of commercial LFIA strips and using an acidic eluent with low methanol content, the nitrogen blowdown reconstitution step was avoided. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method achieved limits of detection of 13.6, 14.4, and 50.8 ng L⁻¹, offering 66-, 61-, and 45-fold higher sensitivity than direct LFIA, with recoveries of 86.8–115.7% and RSDs below 12.3%. The entire procedure was completed within 15 min without bulky instrumentation. The method was applied to real wastewater samples, and the results exhibited good consistency with UPLC-MS/MS and a lower false-negative rate (16.7%) compared with direct LFIA (100%).

Significance

This work provides the first MSPE-LFIA platform for simultaneous on-site screening of methamphetamine, morphine, and ketamine in wastewater. This platform enabled direct eluate loading and eliminated the nitrogen blowdown step, thereby simplifying the workflow. Given its simplicity and low cost, it is expected to be applicable to multiplex detection of common illicit drugs or other hazardous organic pollutants in wastewater.

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磁固相萃取结合荧光侧流免疫分析法同时现场检测废水中甲基苯丙胺、吗啡和氯胺酮

基于废水的流行病学为社区药物使用提供了客观、无创的数据，但传统的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）分析是基于实验室且耗时的。尽管荧光侧流免疫分析法（LFIA）为现场筛选提供了一种简单、快速、低成本的替代方法，但其在废水中的直接应用受到低分析物浓度和复杂样品基质的限制。结果建立了基于聚多巴胺包被磁性纳米颗粒吸附剂的磁固相萃取-LFIA平台，用于同时检测废水中的甲基苯丙胺、吗啡和氯胺酮。通过考察LFIA试纸的有机溶剂相容性，采用低甲醇含量的酸性洗脱液，避免了氮气排放重整步骤。优化条件下，该方法的检出限分别为13.6、14.4和50.8 ng L−1，灵敏度分别为直接LFIA的66倍、61倍和45倍，加样回收率为86.8 ~ 115.7%,rsd < 12.3%。整个过程在15 min内完成，没有笨重的仪器。该方法应用于实际废水样品，结果与UPLC-MS/MS一致性好，假阴性率（16.7%）低于直接LFIA（100%）。本工作为同时现场筛选废水中甲基苯丙胺、吗啡和氯胺酮提供了第一个MSPE-LFIA平台。该平台可以直接装载洗脱液，消除了氮气排污步骤，从而简化了工作流程。该方法简单、成本低，有望应用于废水中常见非法药物或其他有害有机污染物的多重检测。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Analytica Chimica Acta 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

10.40

自引率

6.50%

发文量

1081

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Analytica Chimica Acta has an open access mirror journal Analytica Chimica Acta: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. Analytica Chimica Acta provides a forum for the rapid publication of original research, and critical, comprehensive reviews dealing with all aspects of fundamental and applied modern analytical chemistry. The journal welcomes the submission of research papers which report studies concerning the development of new and significant analytical methodologies. In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny will be placed on the degree of novelty and impact of the research and the extent to which it adds to the existing body of knowledge in analytical chemistry.