Research progress for vaccines against pivotal swine viruses

Veterinary Vaccine Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.vetvac.2026.100186

Minghui Wang, Xiangshuo Tian, Zhe Sun, Hongying Chen, Junxing Ma, Shijie Ma

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Abstract

Porcine viral diseases, characterized by high infectivity and virulence, represent a significant challenge to global swine production. Although vaccination remains the cornerstone of disease control, the rapid evolution of viral genotypes and the prevalence of co-infections have undermined the field efficacy of existing vaccines. The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), African swine fever virus (ASFV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) pose particular challenges in industrial pig farming. This review focuses on the research progress of vaccines targeting these four viruses across various technical platforms, including live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), inactivated vaccines (IVs), subunit vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. By analyzing the immunological strengths and safety challenges of both traditional and emerging strategies, we aim to outline future directions in vaccine engineering and provide insights into optimizing immunization protocols against these persistent viral threats.

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猪关键病毒疫苗的研究进展

猪病毒性疾病具有高传染性和毒性，是全球养猪生产面临的重大挑战。尽管疫苗接种仍然是疾病控制的基石，但病毒基因型的快速演变和合并感染的流行削弱了现有疫苗的现场效力。猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）、猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）和猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）对工业化养猪业构成了特别的挑战。本文综述了针对这四种病毒的疫苗在各种技术平台上的研究进展，包括减毒活疫苗（lav）、灭活疫苗（IVs）、亚单位疫苗和核酸疫苗。通过分析传统和新兴策略的免疫学优势和安全性挑战，我们旨在概述疫苗工程的未来方向，并为优化免疫方案提供见解，以应对这些持续的病毒威胁。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Veterinary Vaccine

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