Dynamic Fermi level regulation in graphene for deformation self-compensation in metamaterial absorbers

IF 3.5 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-19 DOI:10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101641

Juan Wang, Hui Zhang, Changming Liu, Yingkai Liu, Yanyang He, Zhe Chen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Flexible terahertz absorbers used in radar radomes and aircraft skins are often mounted on curved surfaces, making them susceptible to in-plane (stretching or compression), bending, and twist deformations. These deformations alter the periodic structure, severely degrading performance. Since deformations may vary during operation, developing an adjustable compensation method is practically significant. Focusing on in-plane deformation, we demonstrate an electrical compensation strategy using a three-layer patterned graphene broadband terahertz absorber, based on tuning the graphene Fermi level. In its undeformed state, the absorber provides > 90% absorption over 3.30–7.07 THz (a 72.7% relative bandwidth), with polarization insensitivity and wide-angle tolerance. In-plane deformation along x or y shifts the absorption spectrum systematically. Analysis of electric field and current distributions reveals disrupted resonance coupling. By dynamically modulating the Fermi levels of the three graphene layers, the original absorption bandwidth is fully recovered under various deformations. Furthermore, independent transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) compensation strategies are integrated into a unified polarization-independent cooperative regulation mechanism, greatly enhancing deformation tolerance for signals with unpredictable polarization. This work offers a practical design approach and theoretical basis to overcome deformation-induced detuning in flexible terahertz absorbers.

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石墨烯中的动态费米能级调节用于超材料吸收体的变形自补偿

用于雷达天线罩和飞机外壳的柔性太赫兹吸收器通常安装在曲面上，使其容易受到平面内（拉伸或压缩），弯曲和扭曲变形的影响。这些变形改变了周期性结构，严重降低了性能。由于变形在操作过程中可能会发生变化，因此开发一种可调节的补偿方法具有实际意义。针对平面内变形，我们展示了一种基于调整石墨烯费米能级的三层图像化石墨烯宽带太赫兹吸收器的电补偿策略。在其未变形状态下，吸收器在3.30-7.07 太赫兹（72.7%的相对带宽）范围内提供>； 90%的吸收，具有偏振不敏感和广角公差。平面内沿x或y方向的变形使吸收光谱有系统地发生位移。电场和电流分布的分析揭示了共振耦合的中断。通过动态调制三层石墨烯的费米能级，在各种变形下完全恢复了原始吸收带宽。此外，将独立的横向电（TE）和横向磁（TM）补偿策略集成到一个统一的极化无关的协同调节机制中，大大提高了对不可预测极化信号的变形容忍度。本研究为克服柔性太赫兹吸收器中变形引起的失谐提供了一种实用的设计方法和理论基础。

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来源期刊

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

3.70%

发文量

审稿时长

62 days

期刊介绍： This journal establishes a dedicated channel for physicists, material scientists, chemists, engineers and computer scientists who are interested in photonics and nanostructures, and especially in research related to photonic crystals, photonic band gaps and metamaterials. The Journal sheds light on the latest developments in this growing field of science that will see the emergence of faster telecommunications and ultimately computers that use light instead of electrons to connect components.