Association between ADIPOQ rs182052 polymorphism and anthropometric, metabolic, and dietary factors in Brazilian postpartum women: Preliminary results

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the association between the ADIPOQ rs182052 polymorphism and anthropometric, metabolic, and dietary indicators in Brazilian postpartum women.

To investigate the association between the ADIPOQ rs182052 polymorphism and anthropometric, metabolic, and dietary indicators in Brazilian postpartum women.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included adult postpartum women (=20 years old) between 6 weeks and 12 months after delivery attending a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data were collected from March 2024 to May 2025. Current body mass index was obtained from anthropometric assessment and classified as normal weight (< 25 kg/m²) or overweight/obesity (=25 kg/m²). History of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was obtained from the maternal pregnancy booklet or self-reported during a structured interview. Vegetable consumption was assessed using a dietary marker referring to the previous day's intake. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples, and the ADIPOQ rs182052 (G > A) polymorphism was genotyped using TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Associations were tested under codominant, dominant, recessive, and overdominant genetic models using Pearson's chi-square test (P < 0.05). The study was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee (CAAE 70713423.8.0000.5258; number 6.273.645).

This cross-sectional study included adult postpartum women (=20 years old) between 6 weeks and 12 months after delivery attending a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data were collected from March 2024 to May 2025. Current body mass index was obtained from anthropometric assessment and classified as normal weight (< 25 kg/m²) or overweight/obesity (=25 kg/m²). History of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was obtained from the maternal pregnancy booklet or self-reported during a structured interview. Vegetable consumption was assessed using a dietary marker referring to the previous day's intake. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples, and the ADIPOQ rs182052 (G > A) polymorphism was genotyped using TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Associations were tested under codominant, dominant, recessive, and overdominant genetic models using Pearson's chi-square test (P < 0.05). The study was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee (CAAE 70713423.8.0000.5258; number 6.273.645).

Results

A total of 191 postpartum women were evaluated. Genotype frequencies were GG = 40.3%, AG = 47.1%, and AA = 12.6%, consistent with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Significant associations were identified only under the recessive model. Women carrying the AA genotype showed a lower frequency of overweight/obesity (54.2% vs. 73.7%; P = 0.049), lower prevalence of GDM (12.5% vs. 32.3%; P = 0.047), and higher vegetable consumption (70.8% vs. 45.2%; P = 0.019) than AG/GG carriers.

A total of 191 postpartum women were evaluated. Genotype frequencies were GG = 40.3%, AG = 47.1%, and AA = 12.6%, consistent with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Significant associations were identified only under the recessive model. Women carrying the AA genotype showed a lower frequency of overweight/obesity (54.2% vs. 73.7%; P = 0.049), lower prevalence of GDM (12.5% vs. 32.3%; P = 0.047), and higher vegetable consumption (70.8% vs. 45.2%; P = 0.019) than AG/GG carriers.

Conclusions

In this preliminary analysis, the AA genotype of ADIPOQ rs182052 was associated with more favorable anthropometric, metabolic, and dietary indicators during the postpartum period. Although the A allele has often been reported as a risk allele, the higher frequency of vegetable consumption among AA carriers may reflect a healthier dietary pattern that could partially contribute to the observed associations. However, the cross-sectional design, small effect size, limited statistical power, and lack of adjustment for potential confounders preclude causal inferences. Ongoing analyses with a larger sample and multivariable models are needed to confirm these findings.

In this preliminary analysis, the AA genotype of ADIPOQ rs182052 was associated with more favorable anthropometric, metabolic, and dietary indicators during the postpartum period. Although the A allele has often been reported as a risk allele, the higher frequency of vegetable consumption among AA carriers may reflect a healthier dietary pattern that could partially contribute to the observed associations. However, the cross-sectional design, small effect size, limited statistical power, and lack of adjustment for potential confounders preclude causal inferences. Ongoing analyses with a larger sample and multivariable models are needed to confirm these findings.