Mediterranean energy-restricted diet induces taxonomic and functional microbiome shifts in subjects with chronic inflammatory diseases and excessive body weight

IF 0.3 Q4 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-24 DOI:10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.018

Gabriela Paula-Buestan, Andrea Higuera-Gómez, Carolina F. Nicoletti, María Martínez-Urbistondo, Raquel Castejón, Susana Mellor-Pita, Amanda Cuevas-Sierra, J. Alfredo Martínez

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate whether a 32-week hypocaloric Mediterranean-pattern dietary intervention induces coordinated taxonomic and predicted functional gut microbiome changes associated with immunometabolic improvements in adults with chronic inflammatory diseases and excess body weight.

Methods

A total of 151 adults with body mass index > 25 kg/m² and chronic inflammatory conditions, including post-viral long haulers, systemic lupus erythematosus, and metabolic syndrome, underwent a 32-week hypocaloric Mediterranean-pattern dietary intervention. Anthropometric, metabolic, inflammatory, lifestyle, and gut microbiota-related variables were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Gut microbiota composition was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Differential taxa were evaluated using LEfSe, while predicted microbial functions were assessed using Tax4Fun and KEGG Orthology-derived functional scores. Correlation analyses were performed to explore associations between microbial-functional remodeling and host immunometabolic variables. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda (protocol PI 164-21).

Results

The intervention significantly improved body weight, adiposity, waist circumference, visceral fat, and glycated hemoglobin across disease groups. Although global alpha and beta diversity remained relatively stable after the intervention, disease-specific microbial and predicted functional shifts were identified. Post-intervention enrichment of taxa including Blautia and Faecalibacterium was positively associated with microbial functional modules related to lipid metabolism, energy/carbon metabolism, transport/stress adaptation, and genome maintenance, whereas Akkermansia predominantly displayed inverse associations. Microbial-functional remodeling was further accompanied by changes in fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, monocytes, waist circumference, and total cholesterol.

Conclusion

A 32-week hypocaloric Mediterranean-pattern dietary intervention improved metabolic and adiposity-related outcomes in adults with chronic inflammatory diseases and excess body weight. Specific taxonomic changes, particularly involving Blautia, Faecalibacterium, and Akkermansia, were associated with predicted functional microbiome shifts and inflammatory-metabolic markers, highlighting the potential relevance of microbiome functional profiling in precision nutrition.

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地中海能量限制饮食在慢性炎症疾病和体重过重的受试者中诱导分类学和功能性微生物组的变化

目的评估32周的低热量地中海饮食干预是否会诱导与慢性炎症性疾病和超重成人免疫代谢改善相关的协调分类和预测功能肠道微生物组变化。评估32周低热量地中海模式饮食干预是否诱导与慢性炎症疾病和超重成人免疫代谢改善相关的协调分类和预测功能性肠道微生物组变化。方法151名体重指数为25 kg/m2且患有慢性炎症（包括病毒后长途运输、系统性红斑狼疮和代谢综合征）的成年人接受了为期32周的低热量地中海式饮食干预。在基线和干预后评估人体测量、代谢、炎症、生活方式和肠道微生物相关变量。通过16S rRNA基因测序对肠道菌群组成进行表征。使用LEfSe评估差异分类群，使用Tax4Fun和KEGG orthology衍生的功能评分评估预测的微生物功能。进行相关分析以探索微生物功能重塑与宿主免疫代谢变量之间的关系。该研究得到了Majadahonda大学医院研究伦理委员会的批准（方案PI 164-21）。共有151名体重指数为25 kg/m2且患有慢性炎症（包括病毒后长途运输、系统性红斑狼疮和代谢综合征）的成年人接受了为期32周的低热量地中海式饮食干预。在基线和干预后评估人体测量、代谢、炎症、生活方式和肠道微生物相关变量。通过16S rRNA基因测序对肠道菌群组成进行表征。使用LEfSe评估差异分类群，使用Tax4Fun和KEGG orthology衍生的功能评分评估预测的微生物功能。进行相关分析以探索微生物功能重塑与宿主免疫代谢变量之间的关系。该研究得到了Majadahonda大学医院研究伦理委员会的批准（方案PI 164-21）。结果干预显著改善了各疾病组的体重、肥胖、腰围、内脏脂肪和糖化血红蛋白。虽然干预后全球α和β多样性保持相对稳定，但确定了疾病特异性微生物和预测的功能变化。干预后，Blautia和Faecalibacterium等分类群的富集与脂质代谢、能量/碳代谢、运输/应激适应和基因组维持相关的微生物功能模块呈正相关，而Akkermansia则主要表现为负相关。微生物功能重塑进一步伴随着纤维蛋白原、c反应蛋白、单核细胞、腰围和总胆固醇的变化。干预显著改善了疾病组的体重、肥胖、腰围、内脏脂肪和糖化血红蛋白。虽然干预后全球α和β多样性保持相对稳定，但确定了疾病特异性微生物和预测的功能变化。干预后，Blautia和Faecalibacterium等分类群的富集与脂质代谢、能量/碳代谢、运输/应激适应和基因组维持相关的微生物功能模块呈正相关，而Akkermansia则主要表现为负相关。微生物功能重塑进一步伴随着纤维蛋白原、c反应蛋白、单核细胞、腰围和总胆固醇的变化。结论：为期32周的地中海式低热量饮食干预可改善慢性炎症性疾病和超重成人的代谢和肥胖相关结局。具体的分类变化，特别是涉及Blautia， Faecalibacterium和Akkermansia，与预测的功能微生物组变化和炎症代谢标志物相关，突出了微生物组功能分析在精确营养中的潜在相关性。一项为期32周的低热量地中海式饮食干预改善了患有慢性炎症疾病和体重过重的成人的代谢和肥胖相关结局。具体的分类变化，特别是涉及Blautia， Faecalibacterium和Akkermansia，与预测的功能微生物组变化和炎症代谢标志物相关，突出了微生物组功能分析在精确营养中的潜在相关性。

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来源期刊

CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

0.60

自引率

33.30%

发文量

审稿时长

65 days

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