Bioactive potential of soursop (Annona muricata L.) by-products: Antioxidant properties and effects on toxicity and oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans

IF 0.3 Q4 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-24 DOI:10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.040

Valéria Silva de Lana, Marcella Duarte Villas Mishima, Douglas Correia de Souza, Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino

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Total phenolics, flavonoids, condensed tannins, and antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS) were measured. <em>C. elegans</em> N2 (L4 stage) were exposed to 5%, 0.5%, and 0.1% (w/v) by-products for toxicity; survival was assessed by movement. For oxidative stress, nematodes were co-exposed to 0.5% extracts and 4–12mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> for 24h. Antioxidant properties were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's. <em>C. elegans</em> assays were analyzed using Student's t-test against the control group.</div></div><div>The three fractions were freeze-dried, ground, and extracted with 50% ethanol. Total phenolics, flavonoids, condensed tannins, and antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS) were measured. <em>C. elegans</em> N2 (L4 stage) were exposed to 5%, 0.5%, and 0.1% (w/v) by-products for toxicity; survival was assessed by movement. For oxidative stress, nematodes were co-exposed to 0.5% extracts and 4–12mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> for 24h. Antioxidant properties were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's. <em>C. elegans</em> assays were analyzed using Student's t-test against the control group.</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Peel exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity (μmol TE/g), reaching 10,615.08±363.50 (DPPH) and 163.3±4.8 (ABTS), followed by the pomace (2078.21±35.76 and 62.1±1.6), seed exhibited the lowest activity (183.43±1.43 and 1.2±0.0). Peel presented the highest levels of total phenolic compounds (2658.16±120.65 mgGAE/100g), flavonoids (252.65±8.7 mgEC/100g) and tannins (100.7±4.9 mgEC/g), followed by pomace (908.53±36.04 mgGAE/100g, 172.78±25 mgEC/100g and 64.2±2.8 mgEC/g, respectively). Seeds had the lowest values (173.13±3.58 mgGAE/100g, 21.23±0.4 mgEC/100g and 1.07±0.6 mgEC/g). In <em>C. elegans</em>, peel and pomace showed no toxicity at 5%, 0.5%, and 0.1%. The seed reduced survival at 5%, but not at 0.5% or 0.1%. Under oxidative stress, the seed enhanced <em>C. elegans</em> survival at 4, 8, and 12mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, indicating a protective effect. The peel improved survival only at 4mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, whereas the pomace extract showed no effect at any concentration tested.</div></div><div>Peel exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity (μmol TE/g), reaching 10,615.08±363.50 (DPPH) and 163.3±4.8 (ABTS), followed by the pomace (2078.21±35.76 and 62.1±1.6), seed exhibited the lowest activity (183.43±1.43 and 1.2±0.0). Peel presented the highest levels of total phenolic compounds (2658.16±120.65 mgGAE/100g), flavonoids (252.65±8.7 mgEC/100g) and tannins (100.7±4.9 mgEC/g), followed by pomace (908.53±36.04 mgGAE/100g, 172.78±25 mgEC/100g and 64.2±2.8 mgEC/g, respectively). Seeds had the lowest values (173.13±3.58 mgGAE/100g, 21.23±0.4 mgEC/100g and 1.07±0.6 mgEC/g). In <em>C. elegans</em>, peel and pomace showed no toxicity at 5%, 0.5%, and 0.1%. The seed reduced survival at 5%, but not at 0.5% or 0.1%. Under oxidative stress, the seed enhanced <em>C. elegans</em> survival at 4, 8, and 12mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, indicating a protective effect. The peel improved survival only at 4mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, whereas the pomace extract showed no effect at any concentration tested.</div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Soursop by-products are valuable sources of bioactive compounds, highlighting its potential as sustainable sources of functional ingredients.</div></div><div>Soursop by-products are valuable sources of bioactive compounds, highlighting its potential as sustainable sources of functional ingredients.</div>","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages e22-e23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3000,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007996026001161","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/9/24 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the bioactive potential of soursop (Annona muricata L.) by-products (peel, pomace and seeds) and their effects on toxicity and oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Methods

The three fractions were freeze-dried, ground, and extracted with 50% ethanol. Total phenolics, flavonoids, condensed tannins, and antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS) were measured. C. elegans N2 (L4 stage) were exposed to 5%, 0.5%, and 0.1% (w/v) by-products for toxicity; survival was assessed by movement. For oxidative stress, nematodes were co-exposed to 0.5% extracts and 4–12 mM H₂O₂ for 24 h. Antioxidant properties were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's. C. elegans assays were analyzed using Student's t-test against the control group.

Results

Peel exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity (μmol TE/g), reaching 10,615.08 ± 363.50 (DPPH) and 163.3 ± 4.8 (ABTS), followed by the pomace (2078.21 ± 35.76 and 62.1 ± 1.6), seed exhibited the lowest activity (183.43 ± 1.43 and 1.2 ± 0.0). Peel presented the highest levels of total phenolic compounds (2658.16 ± 120.65 mgGAE/100 g), flavonoids (252.65 ± 8.7 mgEC/100 g) and tannins (100.7 ± 4.9 mgEC/g), followed by pomace (908.53 ± 36.04 mgGAE/100 g, 172.78 ± 25 mgEC/100 g and 64.2 ± 2.8 mgEC/g, respectively). Seeds had the lowest values (173.13 ± 3.58 mgGAE/100 g, 21.23 ± 0.4 mgEC/100 g and 1.07 ± 0.6 mgEC/g). In C. elegans, peel and pomace showed no toxicity at 5%, 0.5%, and 0.1%. The seed reduced survival at 5%, but not at 0.5% or 0.1%. Under oxidative stress, the seed enhanced C. elegans survival at 4, 8, and 12 mM H₂O₂, indicating a protective effect. The peel improved survival only at 4 mM H₂O₂, whereas the pomace extract showed no effect at any concentration tested.

Conclusion

Soursop by-products are valuable sources of bioactive compounds, highlighting its potential as sustainable sources of functional ingredients.

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番荔枝副产物的生物活性潜力：抗氧化特性及其对秀丽隐杆线虫毒性和氧化应激的影响

目的评价番荔枝副产物（果皮、果渣和种子）的生物活性潜力及其对秀丽隐杆线虫毒性和氧化应激的影响。评价番荔枝副产物（果皮、果渣和种子）的生物活性潜力及其对秀丽隐杆线虫毒性和氧化应激的影响。方法冻干、研磨、50%乙醇提取。测定总酚、总黄酮、缩合单宁和抗氧化能力（DPPH， ABTS）。将秀丽隐杆线虫N2 （L4期）分别暴露于5%、0.5%和0.1% （w/v）副产物中进行毒性测定；通过运动来评估生存。对于氧化应激，线虫共同暴露于0.5%提取物和4-12 mM H2O2中24小时。使用单向方差分析，然后使用Tukey's分析抗氧化性能。采用Student’st检验对对照组进行秀丽隐杆线虫检测。冻干，研磨，用50%乙醇提取。测定总酚、总黄酮、缩合单宁和抗氧化能力（DPPH， ABTS）。将秀丽隐杆线虫N2 （L4期）分别暴露于5%、0.5%和0.1% （w/v）副产物中进行毒性测定；通过运动来评估生存。对于氧化应激，线虫共同暴露于0.5%提取物和4-12 mM H2O2中24小时。使用单向方差分析，然后使用Tukey's分析抗氧化性能。采用Student’st检验对对照组进行秀丽隐杆线虫检测。结果speel的抗氧化能力（μmol TE/g）最高，达10,615.08±363.50 （DPPH）和163.3±4.8 (ABTS)，果渣次之，分别为2078.21±35.76和62.1±1.6)，种子最低，分别为183.43±1.43和1.2±0.0。果皮中总酚类化合物含量最高（2658.16±120.65 mgGAE/100 g），黄酮含量最高（252.65±8.7 mgEC/100 g），单宁含量最高（100.7±4.9 mgEC/g），果渣含量次之（908.53±36.04 mgEC/100 g, 172.78±25 mgEC/100 g, 64.2±2.8 mgEC/g）。种子最低，分别为173.13±3.58 mgeae /100 g、21.23±0.4 mgEC/100 g和1.07±0.6 mgEC/g。在5%、0.5%和0.1%浓度下，果皮和果渣对秀丽隐杆线虫无毒性。种子在5%时降低了存活率，但在0.5%或0.1%时则没有。在氧化应激条件下，4、8、12 mM H2O2胁迫下，种子均能提高秀丽隐杆线虫的存活率，显示出保护作用。果皮仅在4 mM H2O2条件下提高了存活率，而渣提取物在任何浓度下都没有效果。果皮抗氧化能力（μmol TE/g）最高，分别为10615.08±363.50 （DPPH）和163.3±4.8 (ABTS)，果渣次之，分别为2078.21±35.76和62.1±1.6)，种子最低，分别为183.43±1.43和1.2±0.0。果皮中总酚类化合物含量最高（2658.16±120.65 mgGAE/100 g），黄酮含量最高（252.65±8.7 mgEC/100 g），单宁含量最高（100.7±4.9 mgEC/g），果渣含量次之（908.53±36.04 mgEC/100 g, 172.78±25 mgEC/100 g, 64.2±2.8 mgEC/g）。种子最低，分别为173.13±3.58 mgeae /100 g、21.23±0.4 mgEC/100 g和1.07±0.6 mgEC/g。在5%、0.5%和0.1%浓度下，果皮和果渣对秀丽隐杆线虫无毒性。种子在5%时降低了存活率，但在0.5%或0.1%时则没有。在氧化应激条件下，4、8、12 mM H2O2胁迫下，种子均能提高秀丽隐杆线虫的存活率，显示出保护作用。果皮仅在4 mM H2O2条件下提高了存活率，而渣提取物在任何浓度下都没有效果。结论刺蒺藜副产物是生物活性物质的重要来源，具有作为功能成分可持续来源的潜力。Soursop副产品是生物活性化合物的宝贵来源，突出了其作为功能性成分可持续来源的潜力。

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来源期刊

CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

0.60

自引率

33.30%

发文量

审稿时长

65 days

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