Effects of bioactive compounds in inflammation: Omic studies

IF 0.3 Q4 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-24 DOI:10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.023

M. Elizabeth Tejero

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The included studies were conducted in adult participants with different conditions including obesity, exposure to tobacco and healthy non-smokers, using different supplementation protocols (compound, dose and time).</div></div><div>Intervention protocols conducted at INMEGEN included human and in vitro studies that tested the effects of ω3 fatty acids and epicatechin on gene expression in blood cells, using RNA-seq, RNA microarrays, RT-PCR and metabolomics analyses. The included studies were conducted in adult participants with different conditions including obesity, exposure to tobacco and healthy non-smokers, using different supplementation protocols (compound, dose and time).</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Intervention studies using fish oil (FO) conducted in young adults showed significant improvement of glucose metabolism, with diverse responses. Participants with the largest increase and decrease in fasting insulin were selected for the transcriptome analysis in PBMC. Transcripts with significant changes are related with inflammatory response and glucose metabolism. Another study conducted in participants with obesity analyzed the effects of supplementation with a high dose of FO on circulating T regulatory cells (Tregs) transcriptome, showing a decrease in inflammation-related pathways. Studies testing the effects of supplementation with epicatechin (EC) on gene expression in PBMC showed an increase in the expression of genes related with antioxidant activity in healthy participants, with increase in the concentration of circulating EC metabolites. Small effects were observed in genes related with inflammation. In a different study, the intake of EC significantly modified the expression of genes involved in inflammation and antioxidant activity in active tobacco smokers in PBMC cells. A study conducted in cultured HUVEC analyzed the effect of EC on the response to liposaccharide (LPS) using RNA-seq, showing a significant decrease of the inflammatory response at different doses.</div></div><div>Intervention studies using fish oil (FO) conducted in young adults showed significant improvement of glucose metabolism, with diverse responses. Participants with the largest increase and decrease in fasting insulin were selected for the transcriptome analysis in PBMC. Transcripts with significant changes are related with inflammatory response and glucose metabolism. Another study conducted in participants with obesity analyzed the effects of supplementation with a high dose of FO on circulating T regulatory cells (Tregs) transcriptome, showing a decrease in inflammation-related pathways. 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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

To summarize the findings of studies of the effects of the intake ω3 fatty acids and epicatechin on gene expression using omic methods.

Methods

Intervention protocols conducted at INMEGEN included human and in vitro studies that tested the effects of ω3 fatty acids and epicatechin on gene expression in blood cells, using RNA-seq, RNA microarrays, RT-PCR and metabolomics analyses. The included studies were conducted in adult participants with different conditions including obesity, exposure to tobacco and healthy non-smokers, using different supplementation protocols (compound, dose and time).

Results

Intervention studies using fish oil (FO) conducted in young adults showed significant improvement of glucose metabolism, with diverse responses. Participants with the largest increase and decrease in fasting insulin were selected for the transcriptome analysis in PBMC. Transcripts with significant changes are related with inflammatory response and glucose metabolism. Another study conducted in participants with obesity analyzed the effects of supplementation with a high dose of FO on circulating T regulatory cells (Tregs) transcriptome, showing a decrease in inflammation-related pathways. Studies testing the effects of supplementation with epicatechin (EC) on gene expression in PBMC showed an increase in the expression of genes related with antioxidant activity in healthy participants, with increase in the concentration of circulating EC metabolites. Small effects were observed in genes related with inflammation. In a different study, the intake of EC significantly modified the expression of genes involved in inflammation and antioxidant activity in active tobacco smokers in PBMC cells. A study conducted in cultured HUVEC analyzed the effect of EC on the response to liposaccharide (LPS) using RNA-seq, showing a significant decrease of the inflammatory response at different doses.

Conclusions

There is consistent evidence of the anti-inflammatory effect of ω3 fatty acids at the RNA level in the analyzed cells, with larger effects in participants with inflammation (participants with obesity, smokers). EC has significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on human PBMC and HUVEC cells.

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生物活性化合物在炎症中的作用：组学研究

目的总结应用组学方法研究ω3脂肪酸和表儿茶素对基因表达影响的研究结果。综述了用组学方法研究ω3脂肪酸和表儿茶素对基因表达影响的研究结果。方法采用RNA-seq、RNA微阵列、RT-PCR和代谢组学分析，对ω3脂肪酸和表儿茶素对血细胞基因表达的影响进行了人体和体外研究。所纳入的研究是在不同情况下的成年参与者中进行的，包括肥胖、吸烟和健康的非吸烟者，使用不同的补充方案（化合物、剂量和时间）。在INMEGEN进行的干预方案包括人体和体外研究，测试ω3脂肪酸和表儿茶素对血细胞中基因表达的影响，使用RNA-seq， RNA微阵列，RT-PCR和代谢组学分析。所纳入的研究是在不同情况下的成年参与者中进行的，包括肥胖、吸烟和健康的非吸烟者，使用不同的补充方案（化合物、剂量和时间）。结果在年轻人中进行的鱼油干预研究显示，鱼油对葡萄糖代谢有显著改善，并有不同的反应。选择空腹胰岛素增加和减少最多的参与者进行PBMC的转录组分析。有显著变化的转录本与炎症反应和葡萄糖代谢有关。另一项针对肥胖参与者的研究分析了补充高剂量鱼油对循环T调节细胞（Tregs）转录组的影响，显示炎症相关途径减少。测试补充表儿茶素（EC）对PBMC基因表达影响的研究表明，健康参与者中与抗氧化活性相关的基因表达随着循环EC代谢物浓度的增加而增加。在与炎症相关的基因中观察到微小的影响。在另一项研究中，摄入EC显著改变了活跃吸烟者PBMC细胞中炎症和抗氧化活性相关基因的表达。在培养的HUVEC中，利用RNA-seq分析了EC对脂多糖（LPS）反应的影响，结果显示不同剂量的EC均能显著降低炎症反应。在年轻人中使用鱼油（FO）进行的干预研究显示，葡萄糖代谢有显著改善，并有不同的反应。选择空腹胰岛素增加和减少最多的参与者进行PBMC的转录组分析。有显著变化的转录本与炎症反应和葡萄糖代谢有关。另一项针对肥胖参与者的研究分析了补充高剂量鱼油对循环T调节细胞（Tregs）转录组的影响，显示炎症相关途径减少。测试补充表儿茶素（EC）对PBMC基因表达影响的研究表明，健康参与者中与抗氧化活性相关的基因表达随着循环EC代谢物浓度的增加而增加。在与炎症相关的基因中观察到微小的影响。在另一项研究中，摄入EC显著改变了活跃吸烟者PBMC细胞中炎症和抗氧化活性相关基因的表达。在培养的HUVEC中，利用RNA-seq分析了EC对脂多糖（LPS）反应的影响，结果显示不同剂量的EC均能显著降低炎症反应。结论ω3脂肪酸在RNA水平上的抗炎作用在分析的细胞中有一致的证据，对炎症参与者（肥胖参与者，吸烟者）的作用更大。EC对人PBMC和HUVEC细胞具有显著的抗氧化和抗炎作用。在分析的细胞中，有一致的证据表明ω3脂肪酸在RNA水平上具有抗炎作用，在炎症参与者（肥胖参与者，吸烟者）中具有更大的作用。EC对人PBMC和HUVEC细胞具有显著的抗氧化和抗炎作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

0.60

自引率

33.30%

发文量

审稿时长

65 days

期刊介绍： Les Cahiers de nutrition et de diététique sont le lieu de communication reconnu pour les médecins spécialistes de la nutrition, les diététiciens, les professionnels et les chercheurs de agro-alimentaire, les enseignants et les étudiants. Les Cahiers de nutrition et de diététique abordent les sujets se rapportant à la biologie générale, à la médecine et à la nutrition, aux aliments, aux comportements alimentaires, à la diététique pratique, ainsi que des thèmes variés : activité physique, apports nutritionnels conseillés, dénutrition, alcool, obésité de enfant, aliments à effet santé, plaisir alimentaire, restauration collective, goûters et collations, allergies alimentaires...