Social engagement, formal education, and cognitive outcomes among older adults in India: A longitudinal population‐based study

IF 12.8 1区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Alzheimer's & Dementia Pub Date : 2026-09-23 DOI:10.1002/alz.71850

Peiyao Zhu, Emma Nichols, Marco Angrisani, Alden L. Gross, Jinkook Lee, Lindsay C Kobayashi

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION We estimated the associations between baseline social engagement and cognitive function and change among older adults in India, overall and by education. METHODS Data were from 3869 adults aged ≥ 60 years from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India—Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia Wave 1 (2017–2019) and Wave 2 (2022–2024). Baseline social engagement was measured using a 12‐point index, dichotomized as higher (< 8) versus lower (≥ 8) engagement. General and domain‐specific cognitive scores were derived at both waves. Multivariable‐adjusted joint models accounted for mortality and evaluated effect modification by education. RESULTS Higher baseline social engagement was associated with higher general cognitive scores at baseline (0.145 standard deviation units; 95% confidence interval: 0.076, 0.214), but not with cognitive change over time. Education attainment did not show a consistent pattern of effect modification across cognitive domains. DISCUSSION Social engagement was associated with cognitive level at baseline but not the rate of cognitive change over time, with no consistent evidence of effect modification by education.

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印度老年人的社会参与、正规教育和认知结果：一项基于人口的纵向研究

我们估计了印度老年人的基线社会参与与认知功能和变化之间的关系，总体上和教育程度。方法数据来自印度纵向老龄化研究的3869名年龄≥60岁的成年人，痴呆诊断评估波1（2017-2019）和波2（2022-2024）。基线社会参与使用12点指数进行测量，分为高（< 8）和低（≥8）参与。一般和特定领域的认知得分在两个波中都得到。多变量调整联合模型考虑了死亡率，并评估了教育对效果的影响。结果：较高的基线社交参与与较高的基线一般认知得分相关（0.145个标准差单位；95%置信区间：0.076,0.214），但与随时间的认知变化无关。受教育程度并没有在认知领域显示出一致的影响改变模式。社会参与与基线的认知水平有关，但与认知随时间变化的速度无关，没有一致的证据表明教育可以改变效果。

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来源期刊

Alzheimer's & Dementia 医学-临床神经学

CiteScore

14.50

自引率

5.00%

发文量

299

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Alzheimer's & Dementia is a peer-reviewed journal that aims to bridge knowledge gaps in dementia research by covering the entire spectrum, from basic science to clinical trials to social and behavioral investigations. It provides a platform for rapid communication of new findings and ideas, optimal translation of research into practical applications, increasing knowledge across diverse disciplines for early detection, diagnosis, and intervention, and identifying promising new research directions. In July 2008, Alzheimer's & Dementia was accepted for indexing by MEDLINE, recognizing its scientific merit and contribution to Alzheimer's research.