Adding-On Wisely: Hematopathology Reflective Testing in Canada.

Abstract

Introduction: Reflective testing describes laboratory clinicians' discretionary addition of testing on existing samples, after initial result review. This practice has proven valuable in clinical biochemistry but faces controversy regarding consent and costs. No prior research exists regarding reflective testing in Canadian hematopathology. We surveyed hematopathologists across Canada to characterize current practices and perspectives.

Methods: A REDCap survey was distributed to 89 licensed hematopathologists across all provinces (excluding Quebec), capturing demographics, institutional guidelines, and reflective testing practices, as well as ethical and medicolegal perspectives. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on all responses.

Results: Thirty-three eligible survey responses were received. Reflective testing was ordered at least once weekly by 63% of hematopathologists, yet only 30% had institutional guidance. Ethical perspectives varied: 27% felt that consenting to initial testing implies consent for reflective testing, while 61% indicated this depends on the type of test added. Routine prior notification of the initial ordering clinician (IOC) and/or patient was reported by only 24%. Overall, 79% supported the use of reflective testing, citing improved diagnostic timeliness, reduced phlebotomy, and patient management. None opposed the use of reflective testing, although 21% had encountered a complaint or legal concern related to the practice.

Conclusion: Reflective testing is widely used and supported among Canadian hematopathologists as a value-added practice leveraging clinical expertise to improve patient care. Implementation varies, with diverse institutional guidance and perspectives on implied consent, communication, and medicolegal responsibility. Our findings identify an opportunity for national consensus building to support transparent, ethically grounded, and patient-centered reflective testing practices in hematopathology.