Paraphenylenediamine Contact Allergy and Post-Diagnostic Outcomes: A Single-Centre Study From the United Kingdom.

IF 4.1 1区医学 Q2 ALLERGY

Contact Dermatitis Pub Date : 2026-09-22 DOI:10.1111/cod.70250

Zara Ali, Livia Francine Soriano, Michelle Oakford, Ying Teo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is a potent allergen, frequently responsible for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from hair dyes and temporary 'black henna' tattoos. Misleading 'PPD-free' labelling may expose sensitised individuals to structurally related aromatic amines.

Objectives: To characterise clinical features, cross-reactivity and outcomes of patients diagnosed with PPD ACD following diagnosis of PPD allergy, and to evaluate the accuracy and safety of 'PPD-free' products marketed in the United Kingdom.

Methods: Retrospective study of PPD positivity between 2018 and 2025 at a university hospital was conducted. Demographic, clinical and exposure data were extracted from records, and outcomes post-diagnosis were surveyed by telephone. Ingredient lists of permanent 'PPD-free' hair dyes/tints identified through a structured online search were reviewed for cross-reactive amines.

Results: Of 1306 patients tested for PPD over 7 years, 56 (4.3%) had a positive reaction. The mean age of affected patients was 49 years; 82% were female, and hair dye was the most frequently reported source of exposure (77%). Eight (14%) had occupational exposure. Among 37 tested to para-toluenediamine (PTD), 10 (27%) were positive. Among 31 followed up, 24 (77%) reported remission after avoidance. Only 1 of 10 permanent 'PPD-free' hair dyes/tints examined was found to be free of any potentially cross-reactive amines.

Conclusions: PPD remains a prevalent allergen causing chronic and occupational ACD. 'PPD-free' products frequently contain cross-reactive amines, highlighting the need for improved labelling and careful counselling.

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对苯二胺接触过敏和诊断后结果：来自英国的一项单中心研究。

背景：对苯二胺（PPD）是一种强效过敏原，经常引起由染发剂和暂时性“黑色指甲花”纹身引起的过敏性接触性皮炎（ACD）。误导性的“不含ppd”标签可能使敏感个体暴露于与结构相关的芳香胺。目的：研究诊断为PPD ACD的患者在诊断为PPD过敏后的临床特征、交叉反应性和结局，并评估在英国上市的“无PPD”产品的准确性和安全性。方法：对某大学附属医院2018 ~ 2025年PPD阳性患者进行回顾性研究。从记录中提取人口学、临床和暴露数据，并通过电话调查诊断后的结果。通过结构化的在线搜索，对永久性“不含ppd”染发剂/染发剂的成分表进行了交叉反应胺的审查。结果：在1306例PPD检测患者中，56例（4.3%）有阳性反应。患者平均年龄49岁；82%是女性，染发剂是最常见的暴露源（77%）。8例（14%）有职业暴露。37例对对甲苯二胺（PTD）检测，10例（27%）阳性。在31例随访中，24例（77%）报告回避后症状缓解。10种永久性“无ppd”染发剂/染发剂中只有1种被发现不含任何潜在的交叉反应胺。结论：PPD仍然是引起慢性和职业性ACD的常见过敏原。“无ppd”产品通常含有交叉反应胺，这突出了改进标签和仔细咨询的必要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Contact Dermatitis 医学-过敏

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

30.90%

发文量

227

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Contact Dermatitis is designed primarily as a journal for clinicians who are interested in various aspects of environmental dermatitis. This includes both allergic and irritant (toxic) types of contact dermatitis, occupational (industrial) dermatitis and consumers" dermatitis from such products as cosmetics and toiletries. The journal aims at promoting and maintaining communication among dermatologists, industrial physicians, allergists and clinical immunologists, as well as chemists and research workers involved in industry and the production of consumer goods. Papers are invited on clinical observations, diagnosis and methods of investigation of patients, therapeutic measures, organisation and legislation relating to the control of occupational and consumers".