{"title":"Trends and disparities in acute myocardial infarction mortality with contributing hyperlipidemia in the United States, 1999-2024.","authors":"Mohamed Fawzi Hemida, Mohammad Rayyan Faisal, Salma Ehab, Raveen Mujeeb, Maryam Asif, Krish Patel, Donia Ahmed, Mahmoud Tablawy, Karim Othman Abdelnaim, Amr Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim, Mohamed Olama, Ahmed Youssef, Youssef Ramadan, Sherif Eltawansy, Basel Abdelazeem","doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104992","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, and hyperlipidemia is a major modifiable risk factor. However, long-term national trends and disparities in AMI-related mortality with contributing hyperlipidemia have not been well defined.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Using the CDC WONDER database (1999-2024), AMI-related deaths among U.S. adults with hyperlipidemia documented as a contributing condition were identified using ICD-10 codes. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and crude mortality rates (CMRs) per 100,000 were calculated. Temporal trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Analyses were stratified by sex, race and ethnicity, age group, census region, urban-rural status, and place of death. A total of 279,210 deaths were identified in which AMI was recorded as the underlying cause and hyperlipidemia was documented as a contributing condition. The overall AAMR increased from 2.89 in 1999 to 5.54 in 2024 (AAPC: 2.46; 95% CI: 2.25-2.70; p < 0.001). Mortality was higher among males than females (overall AAMR: 6.33 vs. 3.23), with a greater increase observed in males over time. Non-Hispanic (NH) Black individuals experienced the steepest rise in mortality, while NH White individuals had the highest overall AAMR. Adults aged ≥ 65 years accounted for the majority of deaths and demonstrated the highest mortality rates. Regionally, the Midwest had the highest overall AAMR, whereas the South showed the greatest temporal increase. Mortality was higher in non-metropolitan compared with metropolitan areas, and most deaths occurred at home or in medical facilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rate of AMI deaths in which hyperlipidemia was documented as contributing condition increased significantly over the 26-year study period, with steepest trends observed in males, NH Black, older aged, the southern region, and rural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":49722,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"104992"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104992","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background and aim: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, and hyperlipidemia is a major modifiable risk factor. However, long-term national trends and disparities in AMI-related mortality with contributing hyperlipidemia have not been well defined.
Methods and results: Using the CDC WONDER database (1999-2024), AMI-related deaths among U.S. adults with hyperlipidemia documented as a contributing condition were identified using ICD-10 codes. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and crude mortality rates (CMRs) per 100,000 were calculated. Temporal trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Analyses were stratified by sex, race and ethnicity, age group, census region, urban-rural status, and place of death. A total of 279,210 deaths were identified in which AMI was recorded as the underlying cause and hyperlipidemia was documented as a contributing condition. The overall AAMR increased from 2.89 in 1999 to 5.54 in 2024 (AAPC: 2.46; 95% CI: 2.25-2.70; p < 0.001). Mortality was higher among males than females (overall AAMR: 6.33 vs. 3.23), with a greater increase observed in males over time. Non-Hispanic (NH) Black individuals experienced the steepest rise in mortality, while NH White individuals had the highest overall AAMR. Adults aged ≥ 65 years accounted for the majority of deaths and demonstrated the highest mortality rates. Regionally, the Midwest had the highest overall AAMR, whereas the South showed the greatest temporal increase. Mortality was higher in non-metropolitan compared with metropolitan areas, and most deaths occurred at home or in medical facilities.
Conclusion: The rate of AMI deaths in which hyperlipidemia was documented as contributing condition increased significantly over the 26-year study period, with steepest trends observed in males, NH Black, older aged, the southern region, and rural areas.
期刊介绍：
Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases is a forum designed to focus on the powerful interplay between nutritional and metabolic alterations, and cardiovascular disorders. It aims to be a highly qualified tool to help refine strategies against the nutrition-related epidemics of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. By presenting original clinical and experimental findings, it introduces readers and authors into a rapidly developing area of clinical and preventive medicine, including also vascular biology. Of particular concern are the origins, the mechanisms and the means to prevent and control diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and other nutrition-related diseases.
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