Evolution of zinc biomarkers and impact on clinical nutrition and public health.

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care Pub Date : 2026-11-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-07 DOI:10.1097/MCO.0000000000001260

Murielle Bochud, Mette M Berger

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Abstract

Purpose of review: Zinc deficiency is a major modifiable nutritional and public health burden worldwide. Because zinc participates in a wide range of biochemical functions, the physiological consequences of deficiency are diverse and nonspecific, complicating the identification of reliable biomarkers of zinc status. The present review summarizes recent evidence regarding zinc status biomarkers, while integrating the impact of novel findings on the genetics of zinc homeostasis.

Recent findings: Updated assessment of available zinc biomarkers shows that plasma/serum and urinary zinc excretion respond to changes in zinc intake in humans. Despite the impact of inflammation, plasma/serum zinc remains a good indicator of status. Numerous other putative biomarkers do not meet biomarker efficiency criteria. Zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled through the action of more than 20 membrane transporters belonging to two large families (SLC30 and SLC39). SLC30A2 genetic variants play a key role in controlling urinary zinc excretion, with high geographic variation in allele frequency. The observation from genetic studies that urinary and blood zinc levels are regulated through largely distinct biological pathways suggests that urinary zinc levels may provide relevant complementary information to serum/plasma levels pointing towards urinary-to-plasma ratio as a novel biomarker of human zinc status.

Summary: The combined assessment of serum (or plasma) zinc concentration and urinary zinc excretion appears to be the most sensitive and specific approach for evaluating zinc status in humans.

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锌生物标志物的演变及其对临床营养和公众健康的影响。

综述目的：锌缺乏症是世界范围内可改变的主要营养和公共卫生负担。由于锌参与了广泛的生化功能，缺锌的生理后果是多样的和非特异性的，这使得锌状态的可靠生物标志物的鉴定变得复杂。本综述总结了最近关于锌状态生物标志物的证据，同时整合了新发现对锌稳态遗传学的影响。最新发现：对锌生物标志物的最新评估表明，血浆/血清和尿锌排泄对人类锌摄入量的变化有反应。尽管有炎症的影响，血浆/血清锌仍然是一个很好的状态指标。许多其他假定的生物标志物不符合生物标志物效率标准。锌的稳态是通过20多种膜转运蛋白的作用而受到严格控制的，这些转运蛋白属于两大家族（SLC30和SLC39）。SLC30A2基因变异在控制尿锌排泄中起关键作用，等位基因频率具有较高的地理差异。从遗传学研究中观察到，尿锌和血锌水平是通过不同的生物学途径调节的，这表明尿锌水平可能为血清/血浆水平提供相关的补充信息，指出尿血浆比是人类锌状态的一种新的生物标志物。摘要：联合评估血清（或血浆）锌浓度和尿锌排泄似乎是评估人类锌状态最敏感和最特异性的方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 医学-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

6.50%

发文量

116

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： A high impact review journal which boasts an international readership, Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care offers a broad-based perspective on the most recent and exciting developments within the field of clinical nutrition and metabolic care. Published bimonthly, each issue features insightful editorials and high quality invited reviews covering two or three key disciplines which include protein, amino acid metabolism and therapy, lipid metabolism and therapy, nutrition and the intensive care unit and carbohydrates. Each discipline introduces world renowned guest editors to ensure the journal is at the forefront of knowledge development and delivers balanced, expert assessments of advances from the previous year.