Effectiveness of negative-pressure wound therapy in partial-thickness and full-thickness burns: a systematic review.

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in healing partial- and full-thickness burns in humans.

Methods: This systematic review followed the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the PRISMA checklist.

Results: Eight studies published between 2014 and 2024 were included, involving 466 patients with partial- and full-thickness burns. The sample comprised five randomized controlled trials, two retrospective observational studies, and one prospective cohort study. NPWT was applied in continuous or intermittent modes, with pressures ranging from 40 to 125 mmHg. The most frequently assessed outcome was re-epithelialization time, with NPWT superiority reported in three studies. NPWT was also associated with greater reduction in wound area and bacterial load. Additional outcomes included pain, graft integration, and scar quality, as well as logistical advantages such as reduced dressing change frequency.

Conclusion: NPWT provides benefits in burn treatment, including reduction of wound area, bacterial count, and re-epithelialization time, along with effectiveness in graft integration and healing quality. Despite limitations, such as application difficulties and prolonged treatment in pediatric patients, NPWT stands out for decreasing dressing changes, improving care logistics and psychological well-being.