Exploring sociodemographic factors and coping strategies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among paramedics working in a Middle Eastern country.

Abstract

Background: Paramedics often work under pressure, making them vulnerable to burnout and depression, but the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was an unprecedented crisis in modern times. This study examines the coping strategies employed by paramedics in Qatar's national Ambulance Service prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: In early 2021, we conducted an anonymous online survey using a modified version of Carver's Brief COPE scale, a validated tool measuring coping mechanisms. The survey was shared with 1,100 paramedics.

Results: The data from 272 valid responses revealed a drop in several healthy coping strategies during the pandemic, including meditation, social activities, physical exercise, and religious practices. Instead, the use of comfort food as a coping method increased significantly. A paired t-test showed that the average coping strategy score decreased significantly from 48.95 (± 6.78) before the pandemic to 45.15 (± 6.7) during the pandemic (p < 0.05) out of 85 points. Interestingly, behaviours like self-reported smoking and substance use remained unchanged (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: The decline in helpful coping behaviours during the pandemic likely reflects the elevated stress and limited opportunities for self-care due to lockdowns and work demands. These findings highlight an urgent need for better mental health support and targeted interventions to strengthen paramedics' resilience, both during crises and in their everyday roles.