Kavita Kumari, Md Aftabuddin, Subir Kumar Nag, Soma Das Sarkar, Shubhadeep Ghosh, Basanta Kumar Das
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Accurate interpretation of gene expression in organisms exposed to emerging contaminants (ECs) requires reliable normalization using stable reference genes. In this study, six candidate housekeeping genes (EEF1A1, GAPDH, ACTB, TBP, RAG1, and PKM) were evaluated in fish (Labeo catla) liver under exposure to chlorpyrifos, triclosan, and oxytetracycline. Expression stability was assessed using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and the ΔCt method, with RefFinder providing an integrated ranking. EEF1A1 consistently showed the highest stability, whereas PKM and RAG1 were the least reliable. Normalization of the xenobiotic response gene CYP1A1 with stable (EEF1A1) versus unstable (PKM, RAG1) genes revealed that inappropriate reference gene choice produced misleading expression profiles. These results highlight the critical importance of empirical reference gene validation for accurate qRT-PCR-based gene expression analysis, particularly in ecotoxicological studies involving exposure to complex mixtures of contaminants.
期刊介绍：
The journal publishes in the areas of toxicity and toxicology of environmental pollutants in air, dust, sediment, soil and water, and natural toxins in the environment.Of particular interest are:
Toxic or biologically disruptive impacts of anthropogenic chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, industrial organics, agricultural chemicals, and by-products such as chlorinated compounds from water disinfection and waste incineration;
Natural toxins and their impacts;
Biotransformation and metabolism of toxigenic compounds, food chains for toxin accumulation or biodegradation;
Assays of toxicity, endocrine disruption, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, ecosystem impact and health hazard;
Environmental and public health risk assessment, environmental guidelines, environmental policy for toxicants.
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