Epidemiology, risk factors, and spatio-temporal distribution of lumpy skin disease in cattle in northern Bangladesh.

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Bioscience Pub Date : 2026-09-16 DOI:10.5713/ab.260493

Md Shajedur Rahman, Md Khaled Hossain, Jahangir Alam, Nazmi Ara Rumi, Md Tanvir Islam, Md Hasan Ali, Shihab Ahmed, Hemayet Hossain, Jong-Joo Kim, Md Azizul Haque

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Abstract

Objective: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging transboundary viral disease that causes substantial economic losses in cattle production worldwide. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, risk factors, and spatial-temporal distribution through molecular detection of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) among cattle in northern Bangladesh.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2023 to August 2025 across 10 districts involving 8,650 cattle from 1,200 households. Clinical examination, questionnaire-based epidemiological investigation, spatial mapping, and PCR targeting the P32 and thymidine kinase (TK) genes were performed.

Results: The overall prevalence of LSD was 30.15% (2608/8650; 95% CI: 29.2-32.1), while mortality and case fatality rates (CFR) were 3.02% and 10.01%, respectively. Marked spatial and seasonal variations were observed, with the highest prevalence recorded in Thakurgaon (33.92%) and during the rainy season (44.56%). Calves aged below one year showed the highest prevalence (37.39%) and were approximately two times more susceptible to infection (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.82-2.29). Non-vaccinated cattle showed markedly higher prevalence (36.45%) of LSD. Multivariable logistic regression identified non-vaccination (AOR = 14.3; 95% CI: 9.63-21.7), poor biosecurity (AOR = 5.18; 95% CI: 3.37-8.08), and large herd size (AOR = 2.80; 95% CI: 1.87-4.22) as major independent predictors of LSD occurrence.

Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that LSD is widely distributed and strongly influenced by management, environmental, and host-related factors in northern Bangladesh. Strengthening vaccination coverage, farm biosecurity, vector control, and targeted surveillance programs may substantially reduce the burden of Lumpy Skin Disease in cattle populations.

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孟加拉北部牛肿块性皮肤病的流行病学、危险因素和时空分布

目的：肿块性皮肤病（LSD）是一种新兴的跨界病毒性疾病，在世界范围内给牛生产造成了巨大的经济损失。因此，本研究旨在通过分子检测研究孟加拉北部牛块状皮肤病病毒（LSDV）的流行病学、危险因素和时空分布。方法：从2023年9月到2025年8月，在10个地区进行了横断面研究，涉及1200户家庭的8650头牛。临床检查、流行病学问卷调查、空间定位、PCR检测P32和胸苷激酶（TK）基因。结果：LSD总患病率为30.15% (2608/8650;95% CI: 29.2-32.1)，病死率和病死率（CFR）分别为3.02%和10.01%。其中，塔库尔冈地区（33.92%）和雨季（44.56%）的流行率最高。1岁以下的小牛患病率最高（37.39%），易感率约为2倍（OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.82-2.29）。未接种疫苗的牛的LSD患病率明显较高（36.45%）。多变量logistic回归发现，未接种疫苗（AOR = 14.3, 95% CI: 9.63-21.7）、生物安全性差（AOR = 5.18, 95% CI: 3.37-8.08）和畜群规模大（AOR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.87-4.22）是LSD发生的主要独立预测因素。结论：LSD在孟加拉国北部分布广泛，受管理、环境和宿主相关因素的影响较大。加强疫苗接种覆盖率、农场生物安全、病媒控制和有针对性的监测规划可大大减轻牛群中疙瘩性皮肤病的负担。

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