A review of rubber latex based concrete from the perspective a circular economy

Abstract

Concrete is the most widely used construction material worldwide; however, its susceptibility to cracking and durability-related deterioration has encouraged the development of innovative modification techniques. Among these, rubber latex has emerged as a promising polymeric admixture for enhancing the performance of concrete. This review critically evaluates the influence of natural rubber latex (NRL), styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) latex, and other synthetic latexes on the fresh, mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of concrete from a sustainable and circular economy perspective. Unlike previous reviews that focused primarily on individual performance aspects, this study provides an integrated assessment of engineering performance, durability enhancement, and sustainability benefits. The reviewed literature indicates that optimum rubber latex dosages generally improve workability by 15–35%, compressive strength by up to 20%, flexural strength by up to 42.8%, and split tensile strength by up to 25%. Significant reductions in chloride ingress (up to 22%) and water sorptivity (up to 60%) have also been reported. These improvements are primarily attributed to polymer film formation, pore refinement, enhanced interfacial transition zone (ITZ) characteristics, and reduced permeability. Among the investigated latexes, SBR generally demonstrates more consistent improvements in strength and durability than NRL. The scientific value of this review lies in its comprehensive synthesis of dispersed research findings and its evaluation of rubber latex-modified concrete within a circular economy framework. Improved durability and service-life extension can reduce maintenance requirements and support sustainable infrastructure development. However, existing studies remain limited by insufficient long-term field validation, lack of standardized mix-design procedures, and limited life-cycle assessment data.