Friction and Wear Performance of Soybean-Based Oils + Protic Ionic Liquid and Graphene Biolubricants

IF 3.5 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Tribology Letters Pub Date : 2026-09-15 DOI:10.1007/s11249-026-02188-z

María-Dolores Avilés, María-Dolores Bermúdez, Tomás Caparrós, Paloma Mostaza, Francisco J. Carrión-Vilches

{"title":"Friction and Wear Performance of Soybean-Based Oils + Protic Ionic Liquid and Graphene Biolubricants","authors":"María-Dolores Avilés, María-Dolores Bermúdez, Tomás Caparrós, Paloma Mostaza, Francisco J. Carrión-Vilches","doi":"10.1007/s11249-026-02188-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel class of high-performance soybean-based biolubricants has been developed through the incorporation of a protic ionic liquid, graphene nanoplatelets, or both, resulting in improved lubrication and wear reduction performance. These biolubricants were studied in a severe metal-ceramic tribopair under pin-on-disk configuration using low-volume lubrication. The best tribological performance was obtained for epoxidized soybean oil containing 1 wt% ionic liquid, which reduced the friction coefficient by up to 72%. Wear rate decreased by as much as 91% with the addition of 0.1 wt% graphene to the ionic liquid modified oil. All the biolubricants presented Newtonian behavior; the addition of graphene and protic ionic liquid to neat epoxidized oil markedly increased its viscosity, indicating strong interactions and improving load-carrying capacity. Furthermore, the thermo-oxidative resistance of these vegetable biolubricants increased significantly when the epoxidized oils were evaluated, showing that chemical modification strongly influenced degradation pathways under the applied testing conditions. The presence of ionic liquid and epoxidized-oil tribofilms within the wear tracks was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This study demonstrates the potential of a synergistic protic ionic liquid–graphene system as an antiwear additive for biolubricant formulations.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":806,"journal":{"name":"Tribology Letters","volume":"74 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11249-026-02188-z.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Tribology Letters","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11249-026-02188-z","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

A novel class of high-performance soybean-based biolubricants has been developed through the incorporation of a protic ionic liquid, graphene nanoplatelets, or both, resulting in improved lubrication and wear reduction performance. These biolubricants were studied in a severe metal-ceramic tribopair under pin-on-disk configuration using low-volume lubrication. The best tribological performance was obtained for epoxidized soybean oil containing 1 wt% ionic liquid, which reduced the friction coefficient by up to 72%. Wear rate decreased by as much as 91% with the addition of 0.1 wt% graphene to the ionic liquid modified oil. All the biolubricants presented Newtonian behavior; the addition of graphene and protic ionic liquid to neat epoxidized oil markedly increased its viscosity, indicating strong interactions and improving load-carrying capacity. Furthermore, the thermo-oxidative resistance of these vegetable biolubricants increased significantly when the epoxidized oils were evaluated, showing that chemical modification strongly influenced degradation pathways under the applied testing conditions. The presence of ionic liquid and epoxidized-oil tribofilms within the wear tracks was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This study demonstrates the potential of a synergistic protic ionic liquid–graphene system as an antiwear additive for biolubricant formulations.

Graphical Abstract

查看原文本刊更多论文

大豆油+质子离子液体和石墨烯生物润滑剂的摩擦磨损性能

一种新型的高性能大豆生物润滑剂通过掺入质子离子液体、石墨烯纳米片或两者，从而改善润滑和减少磨损的性能。这些生物润滑剂在一个严重的金属-陶瓷摩擦副在销盘配置下进行了小体积润滑研究。结果表明，离子液体含量为1 wt%的环氧大豆油摩擦学性能最好，可使摩擦系数降低72%。在离子液体改性油中加入0.1 wt%的石墨烯，磨损率降低了91%。所有生物润滑剂均呈现牛顿力学行为；在纯环氧化油中加入石墨烯和质子离子液体后，其粘度明显增加，表明相互作用强，承载能力提高。此外，当对环氧化油进行评价时，这些植物生物润滑剂的抗热氧化性显著提高，表明在应用的测试条件下，化学改性对降解途径有很强的影响。通过x射线光电子能谱分析证实了磨损痕迹中存在离子液体和环氧化油摩擦膜。这项研究证明了协同质子离子液体-石墨烯体系作为生物润滑剂配方抗磨添加剂的潜力。图形抽象

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Tribology Letters 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

9.40%

发文量

116

审稿时长

2.5 months

期刊介绍： Tribology Letters is devoted to the development of the science of tribology and its applications, particularly focusing on publishing high-quality papers at the forefront of tribological science and that address the fundamentals of friction, lubrication, wear, or adhesion. The journal facilitates communication and exchange of seminal ideas among thousands of practitioners who are engaged worldwide in the pursuit of tribology-based science and technology.