Metamaterial inspired hybrid polarization frequency reconfigurable patch antenna with H –shaped slots for 5G applications

Abstract

The fifth generation (5G) of telecommunication technology is developing quickly, as evidenced by continuous research and application around the world. However, patch antenna technology has been growing effectively in the field of 5G applications. The Reconfigurable patch antenna adapts dynamically to changing communication needs and environmental situations by altering its radiation pattern, polarization, and frequency characteristics. The traditional reconfigurable monopole antenna based multi-stage metamaterial in 5G application exhibits some limitations like high radiation loss and poor impedance matching. To overcome these issues, in this study designed a novel polarization and reconfigurable based frequency antenna for 5G application. In the proposed reconfigurable patch antenna, the overall dimension of the substrate is \(35\text{m}\text{m}\times 35\text{m}\text{m}\), with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The present antenna model has been operating at a frequency range of 50 GHz to 80 GHz. The polarization reconfigurability of the antenna has been attained by adding an H shaped slot to the antenna patch, and truncated corners are made in the patch to attain Linear Polarization, which is switched to horizontal and vertical by use of PIN diodes. Similarly, the PIN diode is added to the diamond slit to attain frequency reconfigurability, which is resonated on two different frequencies of 59.86 GHz and 71.93 GHz for ON and OFF condition; at the same time polarization also reconfigurable. Moreover, the proposed antenna is designed with Epsilon-negative (ENG) metamaterial, and a Microstrip feedline is added to the bottom of the patch. Based on performance analysis, the proposed antenna obtains a gain value at the ON condition of 3.6 dB and OFF condition of 8.4 dB, respectively.