Cascaded-parallel MZM-based 80 GHz-optical millimeter-wave generation: a review of topologies and a novel phase-controlled scheme

IF 4 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical and Quantum Electronics Pub Date : 2026-09-15 DOI:10.1007/s11082-026-09137-z

Malik Efshana Bashir, Faroze Ahmad

{"title":"Cascaded-parallel MZM-based 80 GHz-optical millimeter-wave generation: a review of topologies and a novel phase-controlled scheme","authors":"Malik Efshana Bashir, Faroze Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s11082-026-09137-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a brief review of cascaded parallel Mach-Zehnder Modulator-based topologies for optical millimeter-wave generation. The proposed architecture retains the conventional cascaded MZM structure while employing a modified RF phase-shift assignment to achieve selective interference of optical sidebands. Unlike conventional approaches that require large modulation indices to generate higher-order harmonics, the proposed phase-controlled configuration enables high-purity optical millimeter-wave generation at a comparatively low modulation index, thereby reducing the required RF drive and improving practical feasibility. Simulation results demonstrate the generation of 80 GHz millimeter-waves signal from a 10 GHz RF source, achieving an Optical Sideband Suppression ratio of 44 dB and Radio Frequency Spurious Suppression ratio of about 38 dB at a modulation index of 1.838. The results demonstrate that the proposed RF phase-shift assignment provides an effective approach for enhancing spectral purity while maintaining low RF drive requirements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"58 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11082-026-09137-z","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

This paper presents a brief review of cascaded parallel Mach-Zehnder Modulator-based topologies for optical millimeter-wave generation. The proposed architecture retains the conventional cascaded MZM structure while employing a modified RF phase-shift assignment to achieve selective interference of optical sidebands. Unlike conventional approaches that require large modulation indices to generate higher-order harmonics, the proposed phase-controlled configuration enables high-purity optical millimeter-wave generation at a comparatively low modulation index, thereby reducing the required RF drive and improving practical feasibility. Simulation results demonstrate the generation of 80 GHz millimeter-waves signal from a 10 GHz RF source, achieving an Optical Sideband Suppression ratio of 44 dB and Radio Frequency Spurious Suppression ratio of about 38 dB at a modulation index of 1.838. The results demonstrate that the proposed RF phase-shift assignment provides an effective approach for enhancing spectral purity while maintaining low RF drive requirements.

查看原文本刊更多论文

基于级联并联mzm的80ghz光毫米波产生：拓扑结构综述和一种新的相位控制方案

本文简要回顾了基于级联并行马赫-曾德尔调制器的毫米波产生拓扑结构。所提出的架构保留了传统的级联MZM结构，同时采用改进的射频相移分配来实现光学边带的选择性干涉。与需要大调制指数来产生高阶谐波的传统方法不同，所提出的相位控制配置可以在相对较低的调制指数下产生高纯度的光毫米波，从而减少所需的RF驱动并提高实际可行性。仿真结果表明，在10ghz射频源下产生80ghz毫米波信号，在调制指数为1.838时，光边带抑制比为44 dB，射频杂散抑制比约为38 dB。结果表明，所提出的射频相移分配是在保持低射频驱动要求的同时提高频谱纯度的有效方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Optical and Quantum Electronics 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

20.00%

发文量

810

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： Optical and Quantum Electronics provides an international forum for the publication of original research papers, tutorial reviews and letters in such fields as optical physics, optical engineering and optoelectronics. Special issues are published on topics of current interest. Optical and Quantum Electronics is published monthly. It is concerned with the technology and physics of optical systems, components and devices, i.e., with topics such as: optical fibres; semiconductor lasers and LEDs; light detection and imaging devices; nanophotonics; photonic integration and optoelectronic integrated circuits; silicon photonics; displays; optical communications from devices to systems; materials for photonics (e.g. semiconductors, glasses, graphene); the physics and simulation of optical devices and systems; nanotechnologies in photonics (including engineered nano-structures such as photonic crystals, sub-wavelength photonic structures, metamaterials, and plasmonics); advanced quantum and optoelectronic applications (e.g. quantum computing, memory and communications, quantum sensing and quantum dots); photonic sensors and bio-sensors; Terahertz phenomena; non-linear optics and ultrafast phenomena; green photonics.