Zhen Cao, F. Aharonian, Y. X. Bai, Y. W. Bao, D. Bastieri, X. J. Bi, Y. J. Bi, W. Bian, J. Blunier, A. V. Butkevich, C. M. Cai, W. Y. Cao, Zhe Cao, J. Chang, J. F. Chang, E. S. Chen, G. H. Chen, H. K. Chen, L. F. Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M. J. Chen, M. L. Chen, Q. H. Chen, S. Chen, S. H. Chen, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, X. B. Chen, X. J. Chen, X. P. Chen, Y. Chen, N. Cheng, Q. Y. Cheng, Y. D. Cheng, M. Y. Cui, S. W. Cui, X. H. Cui, Y. D. Cui, B. Z. Dai, H. L. Dai, L. X. Dai, Z. G. Dai, Danzengluobu, Y. X. Diao, A. J. Dong, K. K. Duan, X. D. Duan, J. H. Fan, Y. Z. Fan, J. Fang, J. H. Fang, K. Fang, C. F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, S. H. Feng, X. T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y. L. Feng, S. Gabici, B. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, C. Ge, M. M. Ge, T. T. Ge, L. S. Geng, G. Giacinti, G. H. Gong, Q. B. Gou, M. H. Gu, W. M. Gu, F. L. Guo, J. Guo, K. J. Guo, X. L. Guo, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Y. Guo, R. P. Han, O. A. Hannuksela, M. Hasan, H. H. He, H. N. He, J. Y. He, X. Y. He, Y. He, S. Hernández-Cadena, C. Hou, X. Hou, H. B. Hu, S. C. Hu, C. Huang, D. H. Huang, F. Huang, J. J. Huang, X. L. Huang, X. T. Huang, X. Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Z. J. Huang, Z. Q. Huang, A. Inventar, X. L. Ji, H. Y. Jia, K. Jia, H. B. Jiang, K. Jiang, X. W. Jiang, Z. J. Jiang, M. Jin, S. Kaci, M. M. Kang, I. Karpikov, D. Khangulyan, D. Kuleshov, K. Kurinov, W. H. Lei, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H. B. Li, H. C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, L. Li, R. L. Li, T. Y. Li, W. L. Li, X. R. Li, X. Y. Li, Y. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Li, E. W. Liang, Y. F. Liang, S. J. Lin, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D. B. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, J. F. Liu, J. L. Liu, J. R. Liu, M. Y. Liu, Q. Liu, R. Y. Liu, S. M. Liu, T. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. N. Liu, Y. Q. Lou, Q. Luo, Y. Luo, H. K. Lv, B. Q. Ma, L. L. Ma, X. H. Ma, I. O. Maliy, J. R. Mao, Z. Min, W. Mitthumsiri, Y. Mizuno, G. B. Mou, A. Neronov, C.-Y. Ng, K. C. Y. Ng, M. Y. Ni, L. Nie, L. J. Ou, Z. W. Ou, P. Pattarakijwanich, Z. Y. Pei, D. Y. Peng, J. C. Qi, M. Y. Qi, J. J. Qin, H. Qu, A. Raza, C. Y. Ren, M. Q. Ruan, D. Ruffolo, D. Savchenko, D. Semikoz, L. Shao, O. Shchegolev, Y. Z. Shen, X. D. Sheng, F. W. Shu, H. C. Song, Yu. V. Stenkin, Y. Su, C. Y. Sun, D. X. Sun, H. Sun, J. X. Sun, M. Sun, Q. N. Sun, X. N. Sun, Z. B. Sun, A. Sáiz, N. H. Tabasam, J. Takata, P. H. T. Tam, H. B. Tan, Q. W. Tang, R. Tang, Z. B. Tang, W. W. Tian, C. N. Tong, L. H. Wan, C. Wang, D. H. Wang, G. W. Wang, H. G. Wang, J. C. Wang, J. F. Wang, J. S. Wang, K. Wang, Kai Wang, Kai Wang, L. P. Wang, L. Y. Wang, W. Wang, X. G. Wang, X. J. Wang, X. Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Z. H. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Zheng Wang, D. M. Wei, J. J. Wei, Y. J. Wei, T. Wen, S. S. Weng, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, Q. W. Wu, S. Wu, X. F. Wu, Y. S. Wu, S. Q. Xi, J. Xia, G. M. Xiang, D. X. Xiao, G. Xiao, Y. F. Xiao, B. H. Xie, F. Xie, Y. L. Xin, H. D. Xing, Y. Xing, D. R. Xiong, B. N. Xu, C. Y. Xu, D. L. Xu, R. X. Xu, S. S. Xu, L. Xue, D. H. Yan, T. Yan, C. Yang, C. Y. Yang, F. F. Yang, L. L. Yang, M. J. Yang, R. Z. Yang, W. X. Yang, Z. H. Yang, Z. G. Yao, X. A. Ye, L. Q. Yin, N. Yin, X. H. You, Z. Y. You, Y. H. Yu, Q. Yuan, H. Yue, H. D. Zeng, T. X. Zeng, W. Zeng, X. T. Zeng, M. Zha, B. Zhang, B. B. Zhang, B. T. Zhang, C. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. M. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. Y. Zhang, L. Y. Zhang, Li Zhang, P. F. Zhang, R. Zhang, R. Y. Zhang, S. R. Zhang, S. S. Zhang, S. Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. L. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yong Zhang, Z. P. Zhang, J. Zhao, L. Zhao, L. Z. Zhao, S. P. Zhao, X. H. Zhao, F. Zheng, T. C. Zheng, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, J. N. Zhou, L. Zhou, M. Zhou, P. Zhou, R. Zhou, X. X. Zhou, X. X. Zhou, B. Y. Zhu, C. G. Zhu, F. R. Zhu, H. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, Y. F. Zhu, Z. F. Zhu, Y. C. Zou, X. Zuo, LHAASO Collaboration
{"title":"Investigating pulsar wind nebula DA 495: Insights from LHAASO and multi-wavelength observations","authors":"Zhen Cao, F. Aharonian, Y. X. Bai, Y. W. Bao, D. Bastieri, X. J. Bi, Y. J. Bi, W. Bian, J. Blunier, A. V. Butkevich, C. M. Cai, W. Y. Cao, Zhe Cao, J. Chang, J. F. Chang, E. S. Chen, G. H. Chen, H. K. Chen, L. F. Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M. J. Chen, M. L. Chen, Q. H. Chen, S. Chen, S. H. Chen, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, X. B. Chen, X. J. Chen, X. P. Chen, Y. Chen, N. Cheng, Q. Y. Cheng, Y. D. Cheng, M. Y. Cui, S. W. Cui, X. H. Cui, Y. D. Cui, B. Z. Dai, H. L. Dai, L. X. Dai, Z. G. Dai, Danzengluobu, Y. X. Diao, A. J. Dong, K. K. Duan, X. D. Duan, J. H. Fan, Y. Z. Fan, J. Fang, J. H. Fang, K. Fang, C. F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, S. H. Feng, X. T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y. L. Feng, S. Gabici, B. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, C. Ge, M. M. Ge, T. T. Ge, L. S. Geng, G. Giacinti, G. H. Gong, Q. B. Gou, M. H. Gu, W. M. Gu, F. L. Guo, J. Guo, K. J. Guo, X. L. Guo, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Y. Guo, R. P. Han, O. A. Hannuksela, M. Hasan, H. H. He, H. N. He, J. Y. He, X. Y. He, Y. He, S. Hernández-Cadena, C. Hou, X. Hou, H. B. Hu, S. C. Hu, C. Huang, D. H. Huang, F. Huang, J. J. Huang, X. L. Huang, X. T. Huang, X. Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Z. J. Huang, Z. Q. Huang, A. Inventar, X. L. Ji, H. Y. Jia, K. Jia, H. B. Jiang, K. Jiang, X. W. Jiang, Z. J. Jiang, M. Jin, S. Kaci, M. M. Kang, I. Karpikov, D. Khangulyan, D. Kuleshov, K. Kurinov, W. H. Lei, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H. B. Li, H. C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, L. Li, R. L. Li, T. Y. Li, W. L. Li, X. R. Li, X. Y. Li, Y. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Li, E. W. Liang, Y. F. Liang, S. J. Lin, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D. B. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, J. F. Liu, J. L. Liu, J. R. Liu, M. Y. Liu, Q. Liu, R. Y. Liu, S. M. Liu, T. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. N. Liu, Y. Q. Lou, Q. Luo, Y. Luo, H. K. Lv, B. Q. Ma, L. L. Ma, X. H. Ma, I. O. Maliy, J. R. Mao, Z. Min, W. Mitthumsiri, Y. Mizuno, G. B. Mou, A. Neronov, C.-Y. Ng, K. C. Y. Ng, M. Y. Ni, L. Nie, L. J. Ou, Z. W. Ou, P. Pattarakijwanich, Z. Y. Pei, D. Y. Peng, J. C. Qi, M. Y. Qi, J. J. Qin, H. Qu, A. Raza, C. Y. Ren, M. Q. Ruan, D. Ruffolo, D. Savchenko, D. Semikoz, L. Shao, O. Shchegolev, Y. Z. Shen, X. D. Sheng, F. W. Shu, H. C. Song, Yu. V. Stenkin, Y. Su, C. Y. Sun, D. X. Sun, H. Sun, J. X. Sun, M. Sun, Q. N. Sun, X. N. Sun, Z. B. Sun, A. Sáiz, N. H. Tabasam, J. Takata, P. H. T. Tam, H. B. Tan, Q. W. Tang, R. Tang, Z. B. Tang, W. W. Tian, C. N. Tong, L. H. Wan, C. Wang, D. H. Wang, G. W. Wang, H. G. Wang, J. C. Wang, J. F. Wang, J. S. Wang, K. Wang, Kai Wang, Kai Wang, L. P. Wang, L. Y. Wang, W. Wang, X. G. Wang, X. J. Wang, X. Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Z. H. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Zheng Wang, D. M. Wei, J. J. Wei, Y. J. Wei, T. Wen, S. S. Weng, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, Q. W. Wu, S. Wu, X. F. Wu, Y. S. Wu, S. Q. Xi, J. Xia, G. M. Xiang, D. X. Xiao, G. Xiao, Y. F. Xiao, B. H. Xie, F. Xie, Y. L. Xin, H. D. Xing, Y. Xing, D. R. Xiong, B. N. Xu, C. Y. Xu, D. L. Xu, R. X. Xu, S. S. Xu, L. Xue, D. H. Yan, T. Yan, C. Yang, C. Y. Yang, F. F. Yang, L. L. Yang, M. J. Yang, R. Z. Yang, W. X. Yang, Z. H. Yang, Z. G. Yao, X. A. Ye, L. Q. Yin, N. Yin, X. H. You, Z. Y. You, Y. H. Yu, Q. Yuan, H. Yue, H. D. Zeng, T. X. Zeng, W. Zeng, X. T. Zeng, M. Zha, B. Zhang, B. B. Zhang, B. T. Zhang, C. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. M. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. Y. Zhang, L. Y. Zhang, Li Zhang, P. F. Zhang, R. Zhang, R. Y. Zhang, S. R. Zhang, S. S. Zhang, S. Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. L. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yong Zhang, Z. P. Zhang, J. Zhao, L. Zhao, L. Z. Zhao, S. P. Zhao, X. H. Zhao, F. Zheng, T. C. Zheng, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, J. N. Zhou, L. Zhou, M. Zhou, P. Zhou, R. Zhou, X. X. Zhou, X. X. Zhou, B. Y. Zhu, C. G. Zhu, F. R. Zhu, H. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, Y. F. Zhu, Z. F. Zhu, Y. C. Zou, X. Zuo, LHAASO Collaboration","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3095-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pulsar wind nebula DA 495 (G65.7+1.2) has been extensively observed from radio to TeV <i>γ</i>-ray bands. We present LHAASO observations of DA 495, revealing an energy-dependent morphology, where an extended source with <i>r</i><sub>39</sub> = 0.19° ± 0.02° is detected by WCDA (0.4–15 TeV), and a point-like source with a 95% upper limit of <i>r</i><sub>39</sub> = 0.11° is observed by KM2A (> 25 TeV). The spectrum of the source extends beyond 100 TeV with a break or cutoff at a few tens of TeV. Our X-ray data analysis, based on Chandra and XMM-Newton observations, shows that the X-ray emission of DA 495 extends well to ∼6′, significantly larger than the size previously reported. The broadband spectral energy distribution across radio, X-ray, and TeV <i>γ</i>-ray bands is described by a one-zone leptonic model, yielding an average magnetic field of ∼5 µG, while Fermi-LAT spectral analysis indicates a likely presence of a <i>γ</i>-ray pulsar within the system. A time-dependent model, in which particle transport is convection-dominated in the inner region (within ∼100″) and diffusion-dominated in the outer region, successfully reproduces the observed radial profiles of X-ray surface brightness and spectral index, and also accounts for the TeV <i>γ</i>-ray emission detected by LHAASO, suggesting that DA 495 represents an evolved PWN with ongoing particle diffusion that gives rise to a TeV halo component—that is, a PWN+halo system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2000,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11433-026-3095-9","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Pulsar wind nebula DA 495 (G65.7+1.2) has been extensively observed from radio to TeV γ-ray bands. We present LHAASO observations of DA 495, revealing an energy-dependent morphology, where an extended source with r39 = 0.19° ± 0.02° is detected by WCDA (0.4–15 TeV), and a point-like source with a 95% upper limit of r39 = 0.11° is observed by KM2A (> 25 TeV). The spectrum of the source extends beyond 100 TeV with a break or cutoff at a few tens of TeV. Our X-ray data analysis, based on Chandra and XMM-Newton observations, shows that the X-ray emission of DA 495 extends well to ∼6′, significantly larger than the size previously reported. The broadband spectral energy distribution across radio, X-ray, and TeV γ-ray bands is described by a one-zone leptonic model, yielding an average magnetic field of ∼5 µG, while Fermi-LAT spectral analysis indicates a likely presence of a γ-ray pulsar within the system. A time-dependent model, in which particle transport is convection-dominated in the inner region (within ∼100″) and diffusion-dominated in the outer region, successfully reproduces the observed radial profiles of X-ray surface brightness and spectral index, and also accounts for the TeV γ-ray emission detected by LHAASO, suggesting that DA 495 represents an evolved PWN with ongoing particle diffusion that gives rise to a TeV halo component—that is, a PWN+halo system.
期刊介绍：
Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and published by Science China Press, is committed to publishing high-quality, original results in both basic and applied research.
Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, is published in both print and electronic forms. It is indexed by Science Citation Index.
Categories of articles:
Reviews summarize representative results and achievements in a particular topic or an area, comment on the current state of research, and advise on the research directions. The author’s own opinion and related discussion is requested.
Research papers report on important original results in all areas of physics, mechanics and astronomy.
Brief reports present short reports in a timely manner of the latest important results.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
