Lightning Behavior and Its Relationship with Topography, Precipitation, and Land Use in the São Francisco River Basin

IF 2.1 4区地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

pure and applied geophysics Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI:10.1007/s00024-026-04050-8

Samuel Amorim Silva, Weber Andrade Gonçalves, Lizando Pereira de Abreu, Douglas Leonardo Sales Pedrosa, Evandro Moimaz Anselmo, Enrique Vieira Mattos, Moisés Elias Nascimento Rufino da Costa, Glenda Yasmin Pereira de Carvalho, Bruno Felipe Moreira Lima, Daniele Tôrres Rodrigues, Vitória Régia Silva de Souza, Thiago Gonçalves da Silva

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study quantifies how topographic features influence lightning activity in the São Francisco River Basin, Brazil, filling a critical gap by establishing previously unavailable thresholds. A 16-year climatology (1998–2013) was developed using LIS/TRMM lightning data, ASTER GDEM topography, CHIRPS precipitation, and MapBiomas land use, all standardized to a 0.1° grid. The analysis integrates elevation, slope, aspect, and land use with lightning flash rate density (FRD) and precipitation. Results show a non-linear response of lightning to topography, with a 261.7% increase in FRD above 517.14 m during the dry season, and additional thresholds of 45.4% above 601.96 m (spring) and 24.9% above 583.14 m (summer). Lightning hotspots range from 29.2 to 39.9 flashes km^–2 yr^–1, with the maximum value recorded in São Desidério (BA), concentrated in the Western Bahia Plateau (Cluster 04). A seasonal shift is identified, with large-scale thermodynamics dominating in the wet season and topographic forcing controlling lightning activity in the dry season. Ultimately, this study establishes a robust quantitative framework for the terrain–lightning relationship, highlighting zones of elevated risk for expanding agricultural activities in the basin.

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旧金山河流域闪电行为及其与地形、降水和土地利用的关系

本研究量化了地形特征如何影响巴西圣弗朗西斯科河流域的闪电活动，通过建立以前不可用的阈值填补了一个关键的空白。利用LIS/TRMM闪电数据、ASTER GDEM地形、CHIRPS降水和MapBiomas土地利用，将16年的气候数据（1998-2013）标准化为0.1°网格。该分析综合了高程、坡度、坡向、土地利用、闪电率密度（FRD）和降水。结果表明，雷击对地形的响应呈非线性变化，旱季517.14 m以上FRD增加了261.7%，601.96 m以上（春季）和583.14 m以上（夏季）分别增加了45.4%和24.9%。闪电热点范围为29.2 ~ 39.9闪/ km-2年- 1，最大闪点为 o desidsamrio (BA)，集中在西巴伊亚高原（Cluster 04）。确定了一个季节变化，大尺度热力学在雨季占主导地位，地形强迫在旱季控制闪电活动。最后，本研究为地形-闪电关系建立了一个强大的定量框架，突出了流域扩大农业活动的高风险区域。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

pure and applied geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

5.00%

发文量

240

审稿时长

9.8 months

期刊介绍： pure and applied geophysics (pageoph), a continuation of the journal "Geofisica pura e applicata", publishes original scientific contributions in the fields of solid Earth, atmospheric and oceanic sciences. Regular and special issues feature thought-provoking reports on active areas of current research and state-of-the-art surveys. Long running journal, founded in 1939 as Geofisica pura e applicata Publishes peer-reviewed original scientific contributions and state-of-the-art surveys in solid earth and atmospheric sciences Features thought-provoking reports on active areas of current research and is a major source for publications on tsunami research Coverage extends to research topics in oceanic sciences See Instructions for Authors on the right hand side.