Growth differentiation factor-15 and body roundness index in relation to cardiometabolic risk in young adults with obesity.

IF 3.3 3区医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrine Pub Date : 2026-09-16 DOI:10.1007/s12020-026-04784-4

Omar Jasim Mohammed, Hassanain K Mehdi

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Abstract

Purpose: Cardiometabolic risk in young adults is often subclinical. This cross-sectional study evaluated Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) and Body Roundness Index (BRI) in relation to cardiometabolic risk in young adults.

Methods: Ninety adults aged 18-35 years were classified into control, low-risk, and high-risk groups using predefined criteria. Anthropometric, glycemic, and lipid parameters, hs-CRP, GDF-15, leptin, and adiponectin were analyzed using ANCOVA, partial correlation, regression, and ROC analysis.

Results: GDF-15 rose progressively across groups (control 337.7 ± 82.6, low-risk 865.8 ± 76.9, high-risk 1130.7 ± 79.2 pg/mL; p < 0.001). Leptin, the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, and adiponectin were higher in both risk groups than controls (p < 0.001), with no difference between risk groups. GDF-15 showed high discriminatory ability for controls versus obese groups (AUC 0.939-0.954), reflecting phenotypic separation, but only modest discrimination between low-risk and high-risk groups (AUC = 0.677, 95% CI 0.535-0.819; p = 0.024), the clinically relevant comparison. In exploratory subgroup regression, adiponectin was associated with GDF-15 in low-risk (β = 0.465, p = 0.011) and high-risk groups (β = 0.551, p = 0.038). Combining GDF-15 with waist-to-hip ratio gave a numerically higher AUC (0.708), although the difference was not formally tested.

Conclusion: GDF-15 levels increased progressively across the study groups and remained significantly different across groups after adjustment for age. GDF-15 and adiponectin showed very high discrimination between obese participants and controls but only modest discrimination between risk groups. These exploratory, cross-sectional findings identify GDF-15 as a candidate biomarker of cardiometabolic risk in young adults, requiring confirmation in larger prospective cohorts.

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生长分化因子-15和身体圆度指数与肥胖青年心脏代谢风险的关系

目的：年轻人的心脏代谢风险通常是亚临床的。这项横断面研究评估了生长分化因子-15 （GDF-15）和身体圆度指数（BRI）与年轻人心脏代谢风险的关系。方法：90例年龄在18-35岁的成年人按照预先设定的标准分为对照组、低危组和高危组。采用ANCOVA、偏相关、回归和ROC分析分析人体测量、血糖和脂质参数、hs-CRP、GDF-15、瘦素和脂联素。结果：GDF-15在各组间渐进式升高（对照组337.7±82.6 pg/mL，低危865.8±76.9 pg/mL，高危1130.7±79.2 pg/mL）； p结论：GDF-15水平在各研究组间渐进式升高，调整年龄后各组间仍有显著差异。GDF-15和脂联素在肥胖参与者和对照组之间显示出非常高的区别，但在风险组之间只有适度的区别。这些探索性的横断面研究结果确定GDF-15是年轻人心脏代谢风险的候选生物标志物，需要在更大的前瞻性队列中得到证实。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Endocrine ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM-

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

5.40%

发文量

295

审稿时长

1.5 months

期刊介绍： Well-established as a major journal in today’s rapidly advancing experimental and clinical research areas, Endocrine publishes original articles devoted to basic (including molecular, cellular and physiological studies), translational and clinical research in all the different fields of endocrinology and metabolism. Articles will be accepted based on peer-reviews, priority, and editorial decision. Invited reviews, mini-reviews and viewpoints on relevant pathophysiological and clinical topics, as well as Editorials on articles appearing in the Journal, are published. Unsolicited Editorials will be evaluated by the editorial team. Outcomes of scientific meetings, as well as guidelines and position statements, may be submitted. The Journal also considers special feature articles in the field of endocrine genetics and epigenetics, as well as articles devoted to novel methods and techniques in endocrinology. Endocrine covers controversial, clinical endocrine issues. Meta-analyses on endocrine and metabolic topics are also accepted. Descriptions of single clinical cases and/or small patients studies are not published unless of exceptional interest. However, reports of novel imaging studies and endocrine side effects in single patients may be considered. Research letters and letters to the editor related or unrelated to recently published articles can be submitted. Endocrine covers leading topics in endocrinology such as neuroendocrinology, pituitary and hypothalamic peptides, thyroid physiological and clinical aspects, bone and mineral metabolism and osteoporosis, obesity, lipid and energy metabolism and food intake control, insulin, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, hormones of male and female reproduction, adrenal diseases pediatric and geriatric endocrinology, endocrine hypertension and endocrine oncology.