{"title":"Mechanisms of antibody-dependent enhancement and its research progress in animal coronaviruses.","authors":"Zhiding Zhou, Yueyue Liu, Meilin Yang, Cunyi Qiu, Jing Xia, Yong Huang, Yefei Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01837-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal coronaviruses are associated with serious diseases in livestock and poultry, resulting in substantial economic losses worldwide. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon whereby pre‑existing pathogen specific antibodies may paradoxically exacerbate viral infections. In this review, we synthesize current classifications of ADE mechanisms, presenting a unified framework comprising two major categories subdivided into five distinct mechanistic subsets. Given the limited research on ADE in animal coronaviruses, we use SARS‑CoV‑2 as a case study to explore five potential ADE mechanisms associated with coronavirus infection. This review aims to provide a valuable reference for elucidating ADE mechanisms in animal coronaviruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13580011/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary Research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-026-01837-4","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Animal coronaviruses are associated with serious diseases in livestock and poultry, resulting in substantial economic losses worldwide. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon whereby pre‑existing pathogen specific antibodies may paradoxically exacerbate viral infections. In this review, we synthesize current classifications of ADE mechanisms, presenting a unified framework comprising two major categories subdivided into five distinct mechanistic subsets. Given the limited research on ADE in animal coronaviruses, we use SARS‑CoV‑2 as a case study to explore five potential ADE mechanisms associated with coronavirus infection. This review aims to provide a valuable reference for elucidating ADE mechanisms in animal coronaviruses.
期刊介绍：
Veterinary Research is an open access journal that publishes high quality and novel research and review articles focusing on all aspects of infectious diseases and host-pathogen interaction in animals.
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