Cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm.

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of oral science Pub Date : 2026-10-16 Epub Date: 2026-09-16 DOI:10.2334/josnusd.26-0111

Naowan Yu-Nu, Supakit Paosen, Sakkarin Lethongkam, Supayang Voravuthikunchai, Sissada Tannukit

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Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activities of the ethanolic leaf extract of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and its cytocompatibility to human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells.

Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the ethanolic extract of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf (RTE) against E. faecalis were determined using the broth microdilution method. Biofilm inhibition was assessed using the crystal violet assay. Ultrastructural changes were observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), whereas biofilm and dentin surface change of root specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity was evaluated on hPDL cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Results: RTE exhibited potent antibacterial activity with MIC and MBC of 1 and 32 µg/mL, respectively. RTE significantly inhibited biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner and outperformed sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at sub-MIC levels. TEM revealed morphological disruption of E. faecalis cells following RTE treatment. SEM confirmed effective bacterial reduction without causing erosion of radicular dentin. RTE at sub-MICs demonstrated relatively low cytotoxicity compared with NaOCl.

Conclusion: RTE exhibited strong antibacterial and antibiofilm properties while preserving dentin structure and demonstrating cytocompatibility.

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毛蕊红桉叶乙醇提取物对粪肠球菌生物膜的细胞相容性及抑菌活性。

目的：研究绒毛红荆叶乙醇提取物对粪肠球菌（E. faecalis）的抑菌活性及其对人牙周韧带（hPDL）细胞的相容性。方法：采用微量肉汤稀释法测定毛蕊红叶乙醇提取物对粪肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。用结晶紫法评价生物膜抑制作用。透射电镜（TEM）观察根标本超微结构变化，扫描电镜（SEM）观察根标本生物膜和牙本质表面变化。采用3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基）-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑（MTT）法评价hPDL细胞的细胞毒性。结果：RTE对MIC和MBC分别为1µg/mL和32µg/mL具有较强的抑菌活性。RTE以浓度依赖性的方式显著抑制生物膜的形成，并且在亚mic水平上优于次氯酸钠（NaOCl）。透射电镜显示RTE处理后粪肠球菌细胞形态学破坏。扫描电镜证实有效的细菌减少而不引起根状牙本质的侵蚀。与NaOCl相比，亚mic的RTE表现出相对较低的细胞毒性。结论：RTE在保持牙本质结构和细胞相容性的同时，具有较强的抗菌和抗生物膜性能。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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