[Comparative experimental evaluation of the efficacy and tissue trauma associated with puncture needles for percutaneous renal access].

Abstract

Introduction: Despite the high prevalence of obstructive uropathy in emergency urological practice, retrograde and antegrade drainage of the urinary tract remain the main surgical treatment methods. Percutaneous nephrostomy is a minimally invasive procedure; nevertheless, it is associated with a risk of intra- and postoperative complications. A key stage of this procedure is accurate and safe puncture of the renal collecting system, which largely determines the outcome of the intervention and the incidence of possible complications.

Objective: To compare the characteristics and safety profile of the new domestically developed low-trauma MG-New puncture needle with puncture needles traditionally used in urological practice.

Materials and methods: Surgical procedures were performed in two pigs. In the first series, percutaneous punctures of the renal collecting system were performed using the standard technique under ultrasound guidance with three types of needles: MG-New, Chiba, and a trocar needle (Coloplast A/S, Denmark). In the second series, punctures of the renal collecting system were performed under laparoscopic guidance through a trocar port to assess macroscopic post-puncture traumatic changes. The final stage consisted of bilateral nephrectomy followed by histological examination of the obtained tissue specimens.

Results: The MG-New needle demonstrated greater efficacy and safety than the conventional needles. The extensive echogenic laser-marked surface improved visualization, while the distal-end design was associated with minimal tissue trauma and limited vascular injury. These findings support the potential advantages of the needle for percutaneous renal interventions.

Conclusion: The MG-New needle provides significant advantages over conventionally used Chiba and trocar needles during percutaneous renal puncture.