Tracheal Stenting with Dumon Stent - A Novel Treatment Modality for Tracheal Stenosis.

Abstract

Introduction: Tracheal stenosis is defined as pathological narrowing of the trachea. Tracheal stenosis can be caused by various factors but endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy are the most common causes of acquired benign tracheal stenosis. Airway narrowing due to inflammation or scar tissue impairs normal breathing and may predispose to upper and lower respiratory infections. The Goal of treatment for tracheal stenosis is to restore a patent airway and glottic competence.

Objective: To determine the efficacy and complication profile of Dumon's stent in treatment for tracheal stenosis.

Methods: An observational prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care center from January 2018 to December 2023. All patients presenting with tracheal stenosis resulting from post-intubation, post-tracheostomy, or corrosive acid ingestion were considered. A complete history was obtained followed by physical examination and necessary investigations.

Results: Mean age of study subjects was 22.5 years and male preponderance (60.7%) was noted. Most common cause of tracheal stenosis was found to be endotracheal intubation (57.1%). Dumon stent placement demonstrated no complications such as granulation tissue formation, scarring or restenosis.

Conclusion: Post-intubation airway stenosis is the most common cause of tracheal stenosis. Surgical management is the definitive treatment for tracheal stenosis. In this study, Dumon's stent showed no recurrences. These findings suggest that Dumon stent placement is a safe and viable alternative to laryngotracheal end-to-end anastomosis.