Distributed optimal scheduling of virtual power plant considering operational safety of urban smart grids

Abstract

In recent years, the penetration rate of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources (RES) has surged, which poses new challenges for the safe operation of the urban smart grids. Therefore, this paper encourages the cooperative optimization operation of electric vehicle charging station (CS) and RES in virtual power plant (VPP). Firstly, the operating characteristics of CS and RES are studied respectively, and RES was equipped with hydrogen energy storage (HES). The VPP distributed optimization model is established for the cooperation benefit between CS and RES. Then, in order to incorporate network constraints into the VPP distributed optimization model, voltage sensitivity factor is introduced to evaluate the impact of VPP participants on the safe operation of the system. The line transmission sensitivity factor and system loss sensitivity factor are introduced to evaluate the impact of VPP trading on system loss, and the system loss cost is allocated to CS and RES reasonably. Finally, an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm considering system sensitivity (ADMM-SS) is proposed by integrating three factors into the ADMM algorithm. The simulation results show that the cost of the VPP is reduced by 18.3%, the line loss is reasonably distributed among the participants, and the node voltage constraint is guaranteed.