Inteligencia artificial generativa en la población infantojuvenil: desafíos para el neurodesarrollo, la salud mental y la protección digital. Propuestas de actuación clínica y preventiva

Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) is rapidly transforming the digital environment of childhood and adolescence It affects learning processes, access to information, and patterns of interaction with digital environments, with significant implications for biopsychoemotional health and well-being. This phenomenon is unfolding in a context where professionals and families lack the necessary training to promote the ethical, safe, and responsible use of these technologies. This article provides an update to the existing literature on the risks associated with the use of GAI among the adolescent population, with a particular focus on its impact on neurodevelopment, physical and mental health, privacy, and safety online. Finally, it proposes clinical, educational, and regulatory courses of action aimed at strengthening protection by design and by default as well as for incorporating mechanisms for contextualized moderation or early detection of harmful conversations. Furthermore, this article advocates for improving digital education for families and professionals and for advancing public policies that protect the right to neurodevelopment and health and safeguard children and adolescents from emerging risks that arise from GAI.