Conceptos básicos de ventilación mecánica, patrón normal

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Anales de pediatria Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-18 DOI:10.1016/j.anpedi.2026.504317

Mireia García Cuscó, David Molina Herranz, Ana Llorente de la Fuente, Sofía Cuevas-Asturias, Juan Pablo García Iñiguez, Antonio Morales Martinez, Eider Oñate Vergara

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Mechanical ventilation is a cornerstone in the management of critically ill pediatric patients, ensuring adequate gas exchange and reducing the work of breathing. Its appropriate use requires a solid understanding of respiratory physiology, lung mechanics, and patient-ventilator interaction.

This article reviews the basic concepts of mechanical ventilation, including respiratory system anatomy and physiology, as well as key mechanical properties (compliance, resistance, and time constant) that determine respiratory dynamics. Ventilatory modes are classified according to control variable, breath sequence, and targeting scheme, facilitating their interpretation and clinical application.

Initial ventilator settings are described, emphasizing the importance of lung protective strategies. The article also addresses comprehensive monitoring, based on the systematic assessment of the patient, the ventilator, and the clinical response. Finally, the interpretation of ventilator waveforms is reviewed as a key tool for identifying asynchronies, changes in lung mechanics, and potential complications.

A thorough understanding of these principles is essential to optimize ventilatory support, improve clinical outcomes, and minimize ventilator-induced lung injury.

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机械通风基本概念，标准模式

机械通气是危重儿科患者管理的基石，可确保充足的气体交换并减少呼吸工作。它的适当使用需要对呼吸生理学、肺力学和患者与呼吸机的相互作用有扎实的了解。本文综述了机械通气的基本概念，包括呼吸系统解剖学和生理学，以及决定呼吸动力学的关键力学特性（顺应性、阻力和时间常数）。通气模式根据控制变量、呼吸顺序和靶向方案进行分类，便于其解释和临床应用。描述了初始呼吸机设置，强调肺保护策略的重要性。本文还介绍了基于对患者、呼吸机和临床反应的系统评估的综合监测。最后，对呼吸机波形的解释进行了回顾，作为识别不同步、肺力学变化和潜在并发症的关键工具。透彻理解这些原则对于优化呼吸支持、改善临床结果和减少呼吸机引起的肺损伤至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Anales de pediatria 医学-小儿科

CiteScore

2.10

自引率

4.80%

发文量

155

审稿时长

44 days

期刊介绍： La Asociación Española de Pediatría tiene como uno de sus objetivos principales la difusión de información científica rigurosa y actualizada sobre las distintas áreas de la pediatría. Anales de Pediatría es el Órgano de Expresión Científica de la Asociación y constituye el vehículo a través del cual se comunican los asociados. Publica trabajos originales sobre investigación clínica en pediatría procedentes de España y países latinoamericanos, así como artículos de revisión elaborados por los mejores profesionales de cada especialidad, las comunicaciones del congreso anual y los libros de actas de la Asociación, y guías de actuación elaboradas por las diferentes Sociedades/Secciones Especializadas integradas en la Asociación Española de Pediatría.