Sn–Pb Perovskite Laser Wireless Power Transfer for Medical Implants: A Perspective

Abstract

As global precision medicine advances toward chronic disease management and active health intervention, implantable medical devices are evolving from passive monitors into active therapeutic platforms. While subcutaneous bioelectronics, exemplified by pacemakers, are cornerstones of personalized medicine, their utility is restricted by the volumetric bulk, surgical replacement burdens, and radio-frequency interference associated with traditional battery power. Furthermore, the inefficiency and mechanical rigidity of ultrasound transmission impede the shift toward miniaturized, sustainable, and minimally invasive architectures. Laser wireless power transfer (LWPT) emerges as a transformative solution to these energy constraints. This perspective systematically examines the potential of LWPT systems based on mixed tin-lead (Sn–Pb) perovskite and propose solutions to five core challenges: optimizing power conversion efficiency, long-term biocompatibility, customized design for diverse sensors, long-term operation stability, system-level integration. These strategies are expected to advance sustainable, miniaturized implants, laying the groundwork for the future of precision medicine and lifelong health management.