Contemporary Concise Review 2025: Interstitial Lung Disease.

Abstract

Multidisciplinary discussion remains the cornerstone of ILD diagnosis and management, with recent advances further strengthening the integration of clinical, radiological, pathological, and molecular information. Updated ILD nomenclature and classification better align disease terminology with underlying morphology and pathobiology. Growing emphasis is being placed on the early detection of ILD and on identifying individuals at high risk of progression among those with interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs). Emerging multi-omic biomarkers and quantitative imaging techniques are enhancing prognostic stratification and may support future precision medicine approaches. Novel antifibrotic therapies and targeted treatments are expanding therapeutic options beyond IPF, although important unmet needs remain regarding patient selection, treatment response, and disease modification. The integration of clinical, radiological, functional, and molecular information will be fundamental to optimize individualized management and improve long-term outcomes in patients with ILDs.