Jochen Brasch, Yvonne Gräser, Karen Voss, Stephan Weidinger, Andrey Yurkov
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Abstract
Background: Human skin is naturally exposed to diverse fungi. New taxa, including species with unknown pathogenic potential, continue to be isolated from human skin.
Objective: To characterize a hitherto unknown hyphomycete isolated from human eczema and to assess its habitat and pathogenic abilities.
Methods: A broad panel of culture conditions was used for morphological examination and physiological testing. Nucleotide ribosomal ITS and LSU sequences were analyzed separately by BLASTn to identify the closest relatives, and a combined ITS-LSU dataset was used for phylogenetic inference.
Results: The isolate grew well on common mycological agars at 26°C and was not inhibited by 0.4 g/L cycloheximide. Colonies were flat, with a beige obverse and sparse aerial mycelium. Intercalary, round to subglobose spores developed within the hyphae, and submerged hyphae in cultures older than 4 weeks transformed into chains of spores consistent with chlamydospores. Neither microconidia, macroconidia, nor ascomata were observed. The isolate showed urease, keratinolytic, proteolytic, lipolytic and cellulolytic activity. It grew at 5°C and tolerated up to 6% NaCl; susceptibility to terbinafine was reduced. Phylogenetically, the isolate formed a distinct lineage branching basally to Pseudogeomyces, separated from related taxa by a distance comparable to that between Geomyces and Solomyces.
Conclusions: Dermkielia gen. nov. (IF 905143) is introduced with Dermkielia cavawata sp. nov. (IF 905164) as the type species. Related ITS sequences in NCBI GenBank suggest that additional species of Dermkielia may be discovered. Dermkielia cavawata is presumably geophilic and possibly linked to forest ecosystems, but it possesses traits that may facilitate opportunistic colonization of human keratinized tissue.
背景：人类皮肤自然暴露于多种真菌。新的分类群，包括具有未知致病潜力的物种，继续从人类皮肤中分离出来。目的：对从人湿疹中分离的一种迄今未知的丝孢菌进行鉴定，并对其生境和致病性进行评估。方法：采用广泛的培养条件进行形态学检查和生理检测。利用BLASTn分别分析核苷酸核糖体ITS和LSU序列以确定最近的亲缘关系，并使用ITS-LSU组合数据集进行系统发育推断。结果：菌株在普通真菌学琼脂上生长良好，0.4 g/L环己亚胺不抑制菌株生长。菌落平坦，有米色正面和稀疏的气生菌丝。在菌丝中发育出囊间、圆形到近球形的孢子，在培养超过4周的菌丝中，淹没的菌丝转化成与衣原体孢子一致的孢子链。未观察到小分生孢子、大分生孢子和小孢子。该分离物具有脲酶、角化酶、蛋白水解、脂溶和纤维素水解活性。在5℃下生长，耐6% NaCl；对特比萘芬的敏感性降低。在系统发育上，该分离物形成了一个以假地菌属为分支的独特谱系，与相关分类群的距离与地菌属和Solomyces之间的距离相当。结论：11月Dermkielia gen. nov （IF 905143）以cavawata sp. nov （IF 905164）为模式种。NCBI GenBank中相关ITS序列提示可能发现更多的Dermkielia种。据推测，卡瓦瓦石线虫是亲地的，可能与森林生态系统有关，但它具有可能促进人类角化组织的机会性定植的特性。
期刊介绍：
The journal Mycoses provides an international forum for original papers in English on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, prophylaxis, and epidemiology of fungal infectious diseases in humans as well as on the biology of pathogenic fungi.
Medical mycology as part of medical microbiology is advancing rapidly. Effective therapeutic strategies are already available in chemotherapy and are being further developed. Their application requires reliable laboratory diagnostic techniques, which, in turn, result from mycological basic research. Opportunistic mycoses vary greatly in their clinical and pathological symptoms, because the underlying disease of a patient at risk decisively determines their symptomatology and progress. The journal Mycoses is therefore of interest to scientists in fundamental mycological research, mycological laboratory diagnosticians and clinicians interested in fungal infections.
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