Structure-Property Relationships in Cold-Sprayed Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-4V/SiC Multilayer Deposits: Influence of Ceramic Reinforcement

IF 3.4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Journal of Thermal Spray Technology Pub Date : 2026-06-29 DOI:10.1007/s11666-026-02275-6

Jindřich Viliš, Lukáš Řehořek, Marek Doubrava, Jiří Procházka, Martin Klimeš, David Dobrocký, Zdeněk Chlup, Jakub Judas

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Abstract

This study investigates the influence of ceramic reinforcement on the microstructure, hardness, and intrinsic flexural behavior of cold-sprayed Ti-6Al-4V Grade 23 (Ti-G23) multilayer deposits. Multilayer specimens comprising an E295 steel substrate with a nickel interlayer were prepared for microstructural and hardness evaluation, while freestanding Ti-G23 and Ti-G23/SiC deposits were fabricated for intrinsic flexural testing independent of substrate constraint. The Ni interlayer exhibited a compact fine-grained structure with porosity below 0.53%, ensuring stable interfacial integrity. The monolithic Ti-G23 coating showed up to 12% lower porosity than the composite counterpart. Incorporation of SiC increased the average hardness of the composite deposit to 419 HV1, while localized microhardness values measured near regions containing higher SiC content reached up to 549 HV0.1. Flexural testing of freestanding deposits demonstrated slightly higher strength and stiffness for Ti-G23 (559 ± 20 MPa; 68 ± 5 GPa) compared with Ti-G23/SiC (523 ± 14 MPa; 63 ± 3 GPa). Fractographic analysis of the composite deposit revealed localized particle decohesion and microcrack initiation in regions containing increased reinforcement concentration. The results demonstrate that although ceramic reinforcement contributes to localized hardness enhancement, it simultaneously increases structural heterogeneity and restricts deformation within the composite deposit, limiting improvements in intrinsic flexural performance.

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冷喷涂Ti-6Al-4V和Ti-6Al-4V/SiC多层镀层的组织-性能关系：陶瓷增强的影响

研究了陶瓷增强对冷喷涂Ti-6Al-4V Grade 23 （Ti-G23）多层镀层显微组织、硬度和本征弯曲行为的影响。制备了E295钢衬底含镍夹层的多层试样，用于显微组织和硬度评估；制备了独立的Ti-G23和Ti-G23/SiC沉积层，用于不受衬底约束的本构弯曲测试。Ni层具有致密的细晶结构，孔隙率低于0.53%，保证了界面的稳定完整性。整体Ti-G23涂层的孔隙率比复合涂层低12%。SiC的加入使复合镀层的平均硬度达到419 HV1，而在SiC含量较高区域附近测量的局部显微硬度值高达549 HV0.1。独立沉积体的弯曲试验表明，Ti-G23的强度和刚度（559±20 MPa; 68±5 GPa）略高于Ti-G23/SiC（523±14 MPa; 63±3 GPa）。复合镀层的断口分析表明，在增强浓度增加的区域，局部颗粒脱黏和微裂纹萌生。结果表明，虽然陶瓷增强有助于局部硬度增强，但同时增加了复合镀层的结构非均质性，限制了复合镀层内部的变形，限制了内在抗弯性能的提高。

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来源期刊

Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 工程技术-材料科学：膜

CiteScore

5.20

自引率

25.80%

发文量

198

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： From the scientific to the practical, stay on top of advances in this fast-growing coating technology with ASM International''s Journal of Thermal Spray Technology. Critically reviewed scientific papers and engineering articles combine the best of new research with the latest applications and problem solving. A service of the ASM Thermal Spray Society (TSS), the Journal of Thermal Spray Technology covers all fundamental and practical aspects of thermal spray science, including processes, feedstock manufacture, and testing and characterization. The journal contains worldwide coverage of the latest research, products, equipment and process developments, and includes technical note case studies from real-time applications and in-depth topical reviews.