[Continuous glucose monitoring and automated insulin dosing systems in clinical routine].

Abstract

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), connected insulin pens, insulin pumps, and automated insulin delivery (AID) systems enable increasingly data-driven and partially automated diabetes management.

Objective: A practice-oriented evaluation of the indications, clinical benefits, and safety of modern diabetes technologies.

Materials and methods: An analysis of current guidelines, position papers, randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and selected real-world data.

Results and conclusion: Diabetes technologies should be offered according to individual needs, abilities, preferences, and life circumstances and, when appropriate, implemented early, including at the time of diagnosis. CGM supports diabetes treatment in individuals receiving insulin therapy, those at significant risk of hypoglycemia, and clinical situations in which CGM data improve clinical decision-making. Connected insulin pens facilitate the documentation and combined review of glucose and insulin data. AID systems are preferred for individuals with type 1 diabetes and also represent an effective therapeutic option for those with type 2 diabetes receiving intensive insulin therapy. Regular training, standardized data review, and a back-up plan are required. Patients may continue using their own diabetes devices in the hospital when clinically appropriate and institutional processes are in place. Future developments aim to reduce user burden, improve interoperability, and increase time in range (TIR).