Beyond Pattern Recognition: Call for Functionally Aware AI for Anatomical Illustration.

Abstract

Unlabelled: This paper critically assesses the role of generative AI in anatomical illustration, identifying fundamental barriers that currently preclude AI from replacing human medical illustrators. Despite the promise of unprecedented efficiency, contemporary models exhibit persistent anatomical inaccuracies and "hallucinations" of nonexistent structures-flaws stemming from statistical pattern-matching rather than genuine anatomical understanding. These systems further lack pedagogical intent, clinical context, and the capacity for deliberate visual judgment, while raising unresolved ethical and copyright concerns regarding training data. Although a specialized AI for this purpose is theoretically feasible, its development as a standalone goal remains economically nonviable given the niche nature of the profession. Rather than replacing human illustrators, AI's future role will be augmentative, with the requisite anatomical intelligence likely emerging as a byproduct of broader advances in clinical applications such as surgical planning and personalized medicine. For AI-generated imagery to become educationally and clinically reliable, it will require rigorous human supervision, curated gold standard datasets, and a foundation of genuine anatomical comprehension.