Effect of ultrasonic chemical cleaning solutions on different dental interim restoration material properties. Part I: Physical properties of color stability and surface roughness

IF 5.6 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-20 DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2026.07.024

Kawther Ali BDM, B.Med.SC, MS, Ahmad Alenezi BSc, MSc, PhD, Abdulaziz A. Alzaid BDS, MS, Charles Goodacre DDS, MSD

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Studies investigating the reaction of different interim materials with different cleaning solutions are lacking.</div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic chemical cleaning solutions on the color stability and surface roughness of conventionally and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) fabricated dental interim materials.</div></div><div>The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic chemical cleaning solutions on the color stability and surface roughness of conventionally and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) fabricated dental interim materials.</div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A total of 192 interim restoration specimens were fabricated using the following materials and fabrication methods: conventional chemically activated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) <em>n</em>=48, bis-acrylic composite <em>n</em>=48, milled PMMA <em>n</em>=48, and 3-dimensional (3D) printed resin <em>n</em>=48. Each group was treated with 4 solutions (water <em>n</em>=12, general purpose cleaner <em>n</em>=12, calculus and stain cleaner <em>n</em>=12, and cement remover cleaner <em>n</em>=12). Each specimen was immersed in the assigned solution for 5 cycles of 10 minutes using an ultrasonic water bath. Color measurements and surface roughness were obtained for each specimen at baseline, after 2 cycles, and after 5 cycles using a spectrophotometer and optical profiler, respectively. A repeated measures linear mixed model analysis was performed to detect differences in color changes and surface roughness between different interim materials and different solutions after 2 and 5 cycles of ultrasonic cleaning (α=.05).</div></div><div>A total of 192 interim restoration specimens were fabricated using the following materials and fabrication methods: conventional chemically activated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) <em>n</em>=48, bis-acrylic composite <em>n</em>=48, milled PMMA <em>n</em>=48, and 3-dimensional (3D) printed resin <em>n</em>=48. Each group was treated with 4 solutions (water <em>n</em>=12, general purpose cleaner <em>n</em>=12, calculus and stain cleaner <em>n</em>=12, and cement remover cleaner <em>n</em>=12). Each specimen was immersed in the assigned solution for 5 cycles of 10 minutes using an ultrasonic water bath. Color measurements and surface roughness were obtained for each specimen at baseline, after 2 cycles, and after 5 cycles using a spectrophotometer and optical profiler, respectively. A repeated measures linear mixed model analysis was performed to detect differences in color changes and surface roughness between different interim materials and different solutions after 2 and 5 cycles of ultrasonic cleaning (α=.05).</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences in color stability and surface roughness were observed across materials and cleaning solutions after 2 and 5 cycles of ultrasonic cleaning (<em>P</em><.005). Printed resin specimens in general purpose cleaner and milled specimens in cement remover groups showed the most color instability after 2 and 5 cycles of cleaning, respectively. Surface roughness increased significantly in conventional PMMA bis-acryl resin groups that were soaked in cement remover. Cleaning printed resin in water led to smoother surfaces.</div></div><div>Significant differences in color stability and surface roughness were observed across materials and cleaning solutions after 2 and 5 cycles of ultrasonic cleaning (<em>P</em><.005). Printed resin specimens in general purpose cleaner and milled specimens in cement remover groups showed the most color instability after 2 and 5 cycles of cleaning, respectively. Surface roughness increased significantly in conventional PMMA bis-acryl resin groups that were soaked in cement remover. Cleaning printed resin in water led to smoother surfaces.</div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ultrasonic chemical cleaning solutions affect the physical properties of interim materials. Material-solution compatibility should be considered to avoid compromising restoration quality.</div></div><div>Ultrasonic chemical cleaning solutions affect the physical properties of interim materials. 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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Statement of problem

Cleaning dental interim crowns between treatment visits using chemical agents may affect color stability and surface roughness. Studies investigating the reaction of different interim materials with different cleaning solutions are lacking.

Purpose

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic chemical cleaning solutions on the color stability and surface roughness of conventionally and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) fabricated dental interim materials.

Material and methods

A total of 192 interim restoration specimens were fabricated using the following materials and fabrication methods: conventional chemically activated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) n=48, bis-acrylic composite n=48, milled PMMA n=48, and 3-dimensional (3D) printed resin n=48. Each group was treated with 4 solutions (water n=12, general purpose cleaner n=12, calculus and stain cleaner n=12, and cement remover cleaner n=12). Each specimen was immersed in the assigned solution for 5 cycles of 10 minutes using an ultrasonic water bath. Color measurements and surface roughness were obtained for each specimen at baseline, after 2 cycles, and after 5 cycles using a spectrophotometer and optical profiler, respectively. A repeated measures linear mixed model analysis was performed to detect differences in color changes and surface roughness between different interim materials and different solutions after 2 and 5 cycles of ultrasonic cleaning (α=.05).

Results

Significant differences in color stability and surface roughness were observed across materials and cleaning solutions after 2 and 5 cycles of ultrasonic cleaning (P<.005). Printed resin specimens in general purpose cleaner and milled specimens in cement remover groups showed the most color instability after 2 and 5 cycles of cleaning, respectively. Surface roughness increased significantly in conventional PMMA bis-acryl resin groups that were soaked in cement remover. Cleaning printed resin in water led to smoother surfaces.

Conclusions

Ultrasonic chemical cleaning solutions affect the physical properties of interim materials. Material-solution compatibility should be considered to avoid compromising restoration quality.

查看原文本刊更多论文

超声化学清洗液对不同牙体临时修复材料性能的影响。第一部分：颜色稳定性和表面粗糙度的物理特性。

问题陈述：在两次治疗之间使用化学试剂清洁临时牙冠可能会影响颜色稳定性和表面粗糙度。研究不同的中间材料与不同的清洗溶液的反应是缺乏的。目的：研究超声化学清洗液对常规和计算机辅助设计与计算机辅助制造（CAD-CAM）牙用临时材料的颜色稳定性和表面粗糙度的影响。材料与方法：采用常规化学活化聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA） n=48、双丙烯酸复合材料n=48、磨粒PMMA n=48、3D打印树脂n=48，共制作192个临时修复标本。每组用4种溶液（水n=12，通用清洁剂n=12，牙石和污渍清洁剂n=12，水泥去除剂n=12）处理。每个标本在指定的溶液中浸泡5次，每次10分钟，使用超声波水浴。分别使用分光光度计和光学剖面仪在基线、2个周期和5个周期后获得每个样品的颜色测量和表面粗糙度。采用重复测量线性混合模型分析，检测超声清洗2次和5次后，不同中间材料和不同溶液的颜色变化和表面粗糙度的差异（α= 0.05）。结果：超声清洗2次和5次后，材料和清洗溶液的颜色稳定性和表面粗糙度有显著差异(p)结论：超声化学清洗溶液影响中间材料的物理性质。应考虑材料-溶液相容性，以避免影响修复质量。

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来源期刊

Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

13.00%

发文量

599

审稿时长

69 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry is the leading professional journal devoted exclusively to prosthetic and restorative dentistry. The Journal is the official publication for 24 leading U.S. international prosthodontic organizations. The monthly publication features timely, original peer-reviewed articles on the newest techniques, dental materials, and research findings. The Journal serves prosthodontists and dentists in advanced practice, and features color photos that illustrate many step-by-step procedures. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry is included in Index Medicus and CINAHL.